are two
kinds: hand grenades and cartridges.

Hand Grenades.--The grenades have the form of an egg; their
diameter in the middle is six centimeters, their height
twelve centimeters, their weight 400 grams. They are
intended for short distances, and have an appliance for
throwing by hand. They are equipped with an inscription
giving directions for use. They are lighted with a small bit
of material for friction pasted on the directions, after
which they must be thrown away. The explosion follows seven
seconds after lighting. A small cover of brass and a top
screwed on protect the lighted matter. Their purpose is to
make untenable the surroundings of the place where they
burst. Their effect is often considerably impaired by a
strong rising wind.

Cartridges.--The cartridges have a cylindrical form. Their
diameter is twenty-eight millimeters, their height ten
centimeters, their weight 200 grams. They are intended for
use at longer distances than can be negotiated with the hand
grenades. With an angle of twenty-five degrees at departure
they will carry 230 meters. They have central lighting
facilities and are fired with ignition bullet guns. The
powder lights a little internal ignition mass by means of
which the cartridges are caused to explode five seconds
after leaving the rifle. The cartridges have the same
purpose as the hand grenades but because of their very small
amount of fluid they must be fired in great numbers at the
same time.

Precautionary measures to be observed in attacks on trenches
into which shells with asphyxiating gases have been
thrown.--The vapors spread by means of the shells with
asphyxiating gases are not deadly, at least when small
quantities are used and their effect is only momentary. The
duration of the effect depends upon the atmospheric
conditions.

It is advisable therefore to attack the trenches into which
such hand grenades have been thrown and which the enemy has
nevertheless not evacuated before the vapors are completely
dissipated. The attacking troops, moreover, must wear
protective goggles and in addition be instructed that the
unpleasant sensations in nose and throat are not dangerous
and involve no lasting disturbance.

"Here we have a conclusive proof that the French in t