er textiles,
coal, iron and steel, timber, tobacco, machinery, flour, alcoholic
liquors, petroleum, fruits, coffee and live animals. There is an _ad
valorem_ duty of 8% on imports and of about 1% on exports. Tobacco and
precious stones and metals pay heavier duties. The tobacco is imported
chiefly from Turkey and Greece, is made into cigarettes in Egypt, and
in this form exported to the value of about L500,000 yearly.

In comparison with cotton, all other exports are of minor account. The
cotton exported, of which Great Britain takes more than half, is worth
over three-fourths of the total value of goods sent abroad. Next to
cotton, sugar is the most important article exported. A large
proportion of the sugar manufactured is, however, consumed in the
country and does not figure in the trade returns. Of the imports the
largest single item is cotton goods, nearly all being sent from
England. Woollen goods come chiefly from England, Austria and Germany,
silk goods from France. Large quantities of ready-made clothes and
fezes are imported from Austria. Iron and steel goods, machinery,
locomotives, &c., come chiefly from England, Belgium and Germany, coal
from England, live stock from Turkey and the Red Sea ports, coffee
from Brazil, timber from Russia, Turkey and Sweden.

A British consular report (No. 3121, annual series), issued in 1904,
shows that in the period 1887-1902 the import trade of Egypt nearly
doubled. In the same period the proportion of imports from the United
Kingdom fell from 39.63 to 36.76%. Though the percentage decreased,
the value of imports from Great Britain increased in the same period
from L2,500,000 to L4,500,000. In addition to imports from the United
Kingdom, British possessions took 6.0% of the import trade. Next to
Great Britain, Turkey had the largest share of the import trade, but
it had declined in the sixteen years from 19 to 15%. France about 10%,
and Austria 6.72%, came next, but their import trade was declining,
while that of Germany had risen from less than 1 to over 3%, and
Belgium imports from 1.74 to 4.27%.

In the same period (1887-1902) Egyptian exports to Great Britain
decreased from 63.25 to 52.30%, Germany and the United States showing
each an increase of over 6.0%. Exports to Germany had increased from
0.13 to 6.75%, to the United States from 0.26 to 6.70%. Exports to
France had remained practically stati