the German "Beskid Corps" under General von Marwitz. This was the
only section in the range where the Russians held both sides.
Boehm-Ermolli had forced the Rostoki and Uzsok, but hitherto had
been unable to get very far from their northern exits--not beyond
Baligrod. During the fighting on the Dunajec these three armies
merely marked time; it was their object to keep the Russians in
Hungary and in the two passes until Von Mackensen had thrown the
right of his "phalanx" across their only avenue of escape. That time
was now rapidly approaching, and Von Bojna was gradually squeezing
Brussilov from the west, while Boehm-Ermolli was following from the
east and south. It appears that the commanders of the Twelfth Russian
Army Corps and the Third Russian Army, which stood on Hungarian soil
from Zboro to Nagy Polena, did not grasp the full significance to
them of the Dunajec catastrophe.

Germanic troops were building a wall against their exits before
they had seriously thought of withdrawing. Escape was impossible
for many of them; some had managed to get across the Dukla in time,
while those left behind would either have to surrender or fight their
way through the lines across their path in the north. At the same
time they would have Von Bojna and Boehm-Ermolli on their tracks.
To make matters worse, they were also being pressed severely from
the Hungarian plains by the troops which hitherto stood inactive.
The Second Austro-Hungarian Army (Boehm-Ermolli) was fighting on
both sides of the range. Through Rostoki they attempted to separate
the Russians around Zboro from those situated farther east at Nagy
Polena. We have stated elsewhere that the Forty-eighth Division
was severely handled. They were surrounded in the Dukla by an
overwhelming superior force, but General Korniloff, the commander,
with a desperate effort and no little skill, succeeded in hacking
his way through the enemy's lines and bringing a large portion of
his force safely out of the trap. Inch by inch the Russian rear
guards retreated, fighting tooth and nail to hold the pass while their
comrades escaped. No less brave were the repeated charges made by
the Austrians--clambering over rocks, around narrow pathways hanging
high in the air, dizzy precipices and mountain torrents underneath.
On Varentyzow Mountain, especially, a fierce hand-to-hand battle
was fought between Hungarians and Cossacks, the latter finally
withdrawing in perfect order. To conduct a s