, where an Austrian advance force
endeavored to get through the Grodek Lakes. The Russian artillery
drove them back; for three days there were furious bayonet and
cavalry charges and countercharges; despite the most terrific
bombardments the Austrian attacks were broken by the desperate
Russians. On this occasion, at least, the Russians were well supplied
with shells hurriedly sent by rail from Kiev, which enabled them to
repulse the Austrians on the lakes. Boehm-Ermolli is said to have
lost half of his effectives in his attempt to penetrate through
Grodek and Dornfeld, fifteen miles south of Lemberg.

Von Mackensen again came to the rescue by making a great turning
movement in the district of Zolkiev, about sixteen miles north of
Lemberg, and attacking the Russian positions about Janov, forcing
the Russians over the hills and the Rawa-Ruska railway to Zolkiev.
His left wing, resting on Lubaczov, swung northward in a wheeling
movement to envelop Rawa-Ruska. But the Russians intercepted the
move; ferocious encounters and Cossack charges threw the Germans
back to their pivot with heavy losses on both sides. Von Mackensen's
center, however, was too strong, and Ivanoff desired no pitched
battle--the only way to check its advance. He therefore fell back
between Rawa-Ruska and Lemberg, yielding the former to Von Mackensen
and the latter to Boehm-Ermolli, who was able to lead his battered
troops into the town on June 22, 1915, without further resistance.
Brussilov now had to withdraw from the Dniester. As at Przemysl,
the Russian garrison departed with all stores and baggage before
the victors arrived. Lemberg had been in Russian possession for
293 days.

A German attack near Rawa-Ruska was repulsed by the Russians on
June 25, 1915. For two days the "phalanx" rested to replenish its
stock of shells; when these had arrived along the Przemysl line,
Von Mackensen turned northward in the direction of Kholm on the
Lublin-Brest-Litovsk railway. On his left marched the Austro-Hungarian
army of the Archduke Joseph Ferdinand. These two armies drop out of
the Galician campaign at this stage and become part of the great
German offensive against the Polish salient. The gigantic enveloping
movement had failed in the south; it was now to be attempted against
the Russian line in front of Warsaw, conducted by Von Hindenburg
and Von Gallwitz in the northern sector, and by Von Mackensen,
assisted by General Woyrsch and Archduke Joseph Ferdin