ng to their official communique the Russians
captured nearly 19,000 prisoners, 5 guns, 62 machine guns, and
a quantity of stores and munitions. About March 16 the opposing
forces came again into touch southeast of Stanislawow on the road
to Ottynia, but nothing of importance appears to have happened.
To sum up the results of the Germanic offensive, we must remember
what the objectives were. Of the latter, none was attained. The
Russians had not been expelled from Galicia; Przemysl was no nearer
to relief than before, and Lemberg had not been retaken. With the
exception of Dukla and Lupkow, all the passes were in Austrian
hands; but the Russians dominated the northern debouchments of all
of them excepting Jablonitza.

[Illustration: DETAIL MAP OF THE FORTS OF PRZEMYSL]

* * * * *

CHAPTER XXVI

FALL OF PRZEMYSL

The town and fortress of Przemysl formally surrendered to the Russian
General Selivanoff on Monday, March 22, 1915. The first investment
began at the early stages of the war in September, 1914. On the
27th of that month the Russian generalissimo announced that all
communications had been cut off. By October 15, 1914, the Russian
investment had been broken again, and for a matter of three weeks,
while the road was open, more troops, provisions, arms, and munitions
were rushed to the spot. As we have seen, however, the Russians
recovered their lost advantage, for, after the fall of Jaroslav,
the fortress to the north of Przemysl, their troops were hurried
up from east, north, and west, and within a few days the Austrians
were sent back along the whole front. From the region of Przemysl
three railroads cross the Carpathians to Budapest, along all of
which the Russians had pushed vigorously, besides advancing on the
west. As regarded railroad communications, the fate of Przemysl
was sealed by the capture of Chyrow, an important junction about
twenty miles south of the fortress. Przemysl itself was important
as a road junction and as a connecting link with the Uzsok and
Lupkow passes. The garrison prepared to make a stubborn resistance
with the object of checking the Russian pursuit. A week later the
Russians had broken up their heavy artillery and had begun a steady
bombardment. By November 12, 1914, Przemysl was once more completely
besieged by General Selivanoff with not more than 100,000 troops.

Przemysl is one of the oldest towns of Galicia, said to have been
founded in