thern shores of Russia. The port of Windau was the point at
which the German bombardment was directed, but Russian torpedo
boats and destroyers fought off the invading German fleet--which
must have been small--and succeeded in chasing the German mine-layer
_Albatross_, making it necessary for her captain to beach her on
the Swedish island of Gothland, where the crew was interned on
July 2, 1915. On the same, day a German predreadnought battleship,
believed to have been the _Pommern_, was sunk at the mouth of Danzig
Bay by a torpedo from a British submarine.

In the Adriatic Austria lost a submarine, the _U-11_, through a
unique action. The submersible was sighted on July 1, 1915, by a
French aeroplane. The aviator dropped two bombs which found their
mark on the deck of the submarine and sank her. Austria had, during
that month, made an attempt to capture the Austrian island of Pelagosa,
which had been occupied by the Italians on July 26, 1915. But July
29, 1915, the fleet of Austrian cruisers and destroyers, which
made the attack, was driven off by unnamed units of the Italian
navy. But a loss by the latter had been incurred on July 7, 1915,
when the armored cruiser _Amalfi_, while scouting in the upper
waters of the Adriatic Sea, was sighted and torpedoed by an Austrian
submarine. She sank, but most of her men were saved. Another Austrian
submarine had the same success on July 17, 1915, when it fired a
torpedo at the Italian cruiser _Giuseppe Garibaldi_, and saw her
go down fifteen minutes later. Italy endeavored to imitate the
actions of Germany when, on July 6, 1915, she proclaimed that the
entire Adriatic Sea was a war zone and that the Strait of Otranto
was in a state of blockade. All the ports of Dalmatia were closed
to every kind of commerce.

Near the coasts of Turkey, toward the end of the first year of
war, there was fought the second duel between submarines. This time
the vanquished vessel was the French submarine _Mariotte_, which,
on July 26, 1915, was sunk by a torpedo from a German submarine in
the waters right near the entrance to the Dardanelles. Britain
ended the first year of naval warfare by destroying the German
cruiser _Koenigsberg_, which, since the fall of the year before,
had been lying up the Rufiji River in German East Africa, after
having been chased thence by a British cruiser. It was decided to
destroy her in order that she might not get by the sunken hulls
that the British had placed at