ildren should not be to cause alarm, but to stimulate remedial
and preventive measures, to invoke congratulations and aggressive
optimism, not doleful pessimism and palliative measures born of
despair.

4. The causes of physical defects are not confined to "marginal"
incomes, but, while more apt to be present in families having
small incomes, are found among all incomes wherever there exist
bad ventilation, insufficient outdoor exercise, improper light,
irregular eating, overeating, improper as well as insufficient
food, lack of medical, dental, and ocular attention.

5. Whatever may be said of free meals at school as a means of
insuring punctual attendance or better attention, they are
inadequate to correct physical conditions that home and street
environment produce.

6. _To remove physical defects, causal conditions among all income
classes should be treated, and not merely symptoms revealed at
school by children of the so-called poor._

7. Parents can and will correct the greater part of the defects
discovered by the physical examination of school children, if
shown what steps to take. Where parents refuse to do what can be
proved to be within their power, and where existing laws are
nonenforced or inadequate, the segregation of children having
physical defects in special classes might prove an effective
stimulus to obstinate parents.

8. Where parents are unable to pay for medical, dental, and ocular
care and proper nourishment, private philanthropy must either
provide adequately or expect the state to step in and assume the
duty.

9. Private dispensaries and hospitals must either arrange
themselves to treat cases and to educate communities as to the
importance of detecting and correcting physical defects, or must
expect the state to provide hospital and dispensary care. Until
private hospitals and dispensaries take steps to prevent people
with adequate incomes from imposing upon them for free treatment,
it is difficult to make out a case against free eyeglasses and
free meals for school children.

10. Either private philanthropy or the state must take steps to
procure more dental clinics and an educational policy on the part
of the dental profession that will prevent the exploitation of the
poor when dental care is needed.

11. The United States Bureau of Education is the only agency with
authority and equipment adequate