ment VII, Pope, 186, 250.
and Charles V, 236, 433.
and Henry VIII, 287, 291
pontificate, 379 ff., 389.
forbids duelling, 485 f.
and Copernicus, 622.
and art, 690.
Clement VIII, Pope, 228.
Clenoch, M., 325.
Clergy
morals, 25, 493 f.
power of, 27 f.
denounced by Wyclif, 37.
attacked in _Gravamina_, 45.
assailed by Luther, 71.
in Netherlands, 236.
reform in England, 314.
in Scotland, 353 f., 356.
pay of, 470.
position of, 493 ff.
spoliation, 550 f.
Cleves, 44.
William, Duke of, 306.
Clocks and watches, invention of, 7 f., 688.
Cochin, D., 738.
Cochin (India), 442.
Cochin-China, 408.
Cochlaeus, 284, 588, 702.
Coeur, J., 460.
Cognac, League of, 186.
Cole of Faversham, 167.
Colet, J., 26, 53, 57, 280 f., 510, 665, 667.
Coligni, G. de, 199, 205, 214 ff., 261.
Cologne, 44, 54, 74, 252, 454.
University of, 77, 241, 655, 666, 670.
reformation of, 120, 127, 283.
counter-reformation of, 128.
Colonna family, 16.
Vittoria, 375.
Columbus, C., 3, 10 f., 62, 430, 434 f., 614 f.
Commerce, 442 ff., 523 ff.
Communism, 94, 155.
Como, 658.
Compass, invention of, 7, 614 f.
Compostella, 499.
Conde, Prince of, 211, 214 f.
Condorcet, 713.
Congo, 405.
Constance, Council of,
ends Great Schism, 14.
deals with heresy, 14, 39 f.
reforms, 14 f., 45.
memory of, 148, 389, 703.
Constantinople, 9, 16, 448.
Consubstantiation, 33, 108.
Contarini, G., 117, 122, 377, 382, 393, 402.
Coornheert, D. V., 249, 251.
Cop, 172.
Copenhagen, University of, 12.
Copernicus, N.
Bible quoted against, 573.
economic theory, 608.
trigonometry, 610.
life, 618.
astronomy, 3, 618 ff.
_De Revolutionibus Orbium Caelestium_, 620.
reception of his theory, 621 ff., 632.
influence on philosophy, 637 ff.
Cordus, E., 558.
Correggio, 680.
Corsica, 456.
Cortez, H., 438 f.
Cossacks, 139 f.
Cotta, U., 63.
Counter-reformation, 377-424.
turns back Protestants, 388.
Spanish Spirit, 389.
and art, 690 f.
origin of word, 721.
Courtenay, W., 36.
Coutras, battle of, 223.
Coverdale, M., 299 f., 327, 355, 570 f.
Cox, R., 508.
Cracow,140, 144.
University of, 618.
Craig, J., 603.
Cranach, L., 376, 683.
Cranmer, T., 290, 299, 313 f., 322 f., 495.
Creighton, M., 741.
Crepy, Peace of, 121, 198.
Cresp