t often so called if on a tower.

FLYING BUTTRESS.--A buttress used to steady the upper and
inner walls of a vaulted building, placed at some distance
from the wall which it supports, and connected with it by an
arch.

[Illustration: FIG. _U_.--FLYING BUTTRESS.]

FOIL.--A leaf-shaped form produced by adding cusps to the
curved outline of a window head or piece of tracery.

FOLIATION.--The decoration of an opening, or of tracery by
means of foils and cusps.

FOSSE.--The ditch of a fortress.

FRANCOIS I. STYLE.--The early Renaissance architecture of
France during part of the sixteenth century.

FRIEZE.--(1) The middle member of a Classic or Renaissance
entablature; this was often sculptured and carved; (2) any
band of sculptured ornament.

GABLE.--The triangular-shaped wall carrying the end of a
roof.

GABLET.--A small gable (usually ornamental only).

GALLERY.--(1) An apartment of great length in proportion to
its width; (2) a raised floor or stage in a building.

GARGOYLE.--A projecting waterspout, usually carved in stone,
more rarely formed of metal.

GEOMETRICAL.--The architecture of the earlier part of the
decorated period in England.

GRILLE.--A grating or ornamental railing of metal.

GROIN.--The curved line which is made by the meeting of the
surfaces of two vaults or portions of vaults which
intersect.

GROUP.--An assemblage of shafts or mouldings or other small
features intended to produce a combined effect.

GROUPING.--Combining architectural features as above.

HALL.--(1) The largest room in an ancient English mansion,
or a college, &c.; (2) any large and stately apartment.

HALF TIMBERED CONSTRUCTION.--A mode of building in which a
framework of timbers is displayed and the spaces between
them are filled in with plaster or tiles.

HAMMER BEAM ROOF.--A roof peculiar to English architecture
of the fifteenth century, deriving its name from the use of
a hammer beam (a large bracket projecting from the walls) to
partly support the rafters.

HEAD (of an arch or other opening).--The portion within the
curve; whether filled in by masonry or left open, sometimes
called a tympanum.

HIP.--The external angle formed by the meeting of two
sloping sides of a roof where there is no gable.

HOTEL (French).--A