; (3) an entire decorative system
appropriate to the kind of column chosen. In Renaissance
architecture there are five orders--the Tuscan, Doric,
Ionic, Corinthian, and Composite. Each has its own proper
column, and its proper base, shaft, and capital; and its own
entablature. The proportions and the degree of enrichment
appropriate to each vary. The Tuscan being the sturdiest and
plainest, the Composite the most slender and most small, and
the others taking place in the succession in which they
stand enumerated above. Where more than one order occurs in
a building, as constantly happens in Classic and Renaissance
buildings, the orders which are the plainest and most sturdy
(and have been named first) if employed, are invariably
placed below the more slender orders; _e.g._ the Doric is
never placed _over_ the Corinthian or the Ionic, but if
employed in combination with either of those orders it is
always the lowest in position.

ORIEL.--A window projecting like a bay or bow window, not
resting on the ground but thrown out above the ground level
and resting on a corbel.

PALLADIAN.--A phase of fully developed Renaissance
architecture introduced by the architect Palladio, and
largely followed in England as well as in Italy.

PANEL.--(1) The thinner portions of the framed woodwork of
doors and other such joiner's work; (2) all sunk
compartments in masonry, ceilings, &c.

PANELLING.--(1) Woodwork formed of framework containing
panels; (2) any decoration formed of a series of sunk
compartments.

PARAPET.--A breastwork or low wall used to protect the
gutters and screen the roofs of buildings; also, perhaps
primarily, to protect the ramparts of fortifications.

[Illustration: FIG. _A A_.--OPEN PARAPET, LATE DECORATED.]

[Illustration: FIG. _B B_.--BATTLEMENTED PARAPET,
PERPENDICULAR.]

PAVILION.--A strongly marked single block of building; most
frequently applied to those blocks in French and other
Renaissance buildings that are marked out by high roofs.

PEDESTAL.--(1) A substructure sometimes placed under a
column in Renaissance architecture; (2) a similar
substructure intended to carry a statue, vase, or other
ornament.

PEDIMENT.--(1) The gable, where used in Renaissance
buildings; (2) an ornamental gable sometimes placed over