(1675-1710.) 220

83. HOUSES AT CHESTER. (16TH CENTURY.) 225

84. THE ALCAZAR AT TOLEDO. (BEGUN 1568.) 231

[Illustration: {STAINED GLASS FROM CHARTRES CATHEDRAL.}]

GLOSSARY OF TECHNICAL WORDS.

ABACUS.--The upper portion of the capital of a column, upon
which the weight to be carried rests.

AISLE (Lat. _ala_).--The side subdivision in a church;
occasionally all the subdivisions, including the nave, are
called aisles.

APSE.--A semicircular or polygonal termination to, or
projection from, a church or other public building.

ARCADE.--A range of arches, supported on piers or columns.

ARCH.--A construction of wedge-shaped blocks of stone, or of
bricks, of a curved outline, and spanning an open space. The
principal forms of arch in use are Semicircular;
Acutely-pointed, or Lancet; Equilateral, or Less
Acutely-pointed; Four-centred, or Depressed Tudor;
Three-centred, or Elliptic; Ogival; Segmental; and Stilted.
(Figs. _A_ to _F_.)

ARCHITRAVE.--(1) The stone which in Classic and Renaissance
architecture is thrown from one column or pilaster to the
next. (2) The moulding which in the same styles is used to
ornament the margin of a door or window opening or arch.

ASHLAR.--Finely-wrought masonry, employed for the facing of
a wall of coarser masonry or brick.

ATTIC (In Renaissance Architecture).--A low upper story,
distinctly marked in the architecture of the building,
usually surmounting an order; (2) in ordinary building, any
story in a roof.

BAILEY (from _vallum_).--The enclosure of the courtyard of a
castle.

BALL-FLOWER.--An ornament representing a globular bud,
placed usually in a hollow moulding.

BALUSTER.--A species of small column, generally of curved
outline.

BALUSTRADE.--A parapet or rail formed of balusters.

[Illustration: FIG. _A_.--SEMICIRCULAR ARCH.]

[Illustration: FIG. _B_.--STILTED ARCH.]

The Semicircular and the Stilted Semicircular Arch were the
only arches in use till the introduction of the Pointed
Arch. Throughout the Early English, Decorated, and
Perpendicular periods they occur as exceptional features,
but they were practically superseded after the close of the
12th cent.

[Illustration: FIG. _C_.--EQUILATER