harsadda in Peshawar
the Swat, which with its affluent the Panjkora drains Dir, Bajaur, and
Swat. In the cold weather looking northwards from the Attock fort one
sees the Kabul or Landai as a blue river quietly mingling with the
Indus, and in the angle between them a stretch of white sand. But during
floods the junction is the scene of a wild turmoil of waters. At Attock
there are a railway bridge, a bridge of boats, and a ferry. The bed of
the stream is 2000 feet over sea level. For ninety miles below Attock
the river is confined between bare and broken hills, till it finally
emerges into the plains from the gorge above Kalabagh, where the Salt
Range impinges on the left bank. Between Attock and Kalabagh the right
bank is occupied by Peshawar and Kohat and the left by Attock and
Mianwali. In this section the Indus is joined by the Haro and Soan
torrents, and spanned at Khushalgarh by a railway bridge. This is the
only other masonry bridge crossing it in the Panjab. Elsewhere the
passage has to be made by ferry boats or by boat bridges, which are
taken down in the rainy season. At Kalabagh the height above sea level
is less than 1000 feet. When it passes the western extremity of the Salt
Range the river spreads out into a wide lake-like expanse of waters. It
has now performed quite half of its long journey. Henceforth it receives
no addition from the east till the Panjnad in the south-west corner of
the Muzaffargarh district brings to it the whole tribute of the five
rivers of the Panjab. Here, though the Indian ocean is still 500 miles
distant, the channel is less than 300 feet above the sea. From the west
it receives an important tributary in the Kurram, which, with its
affluent the Tochi, rises in Afghanistan. The torrents from the Suliman
Range are mostly used up for irrigation before they reach the Indus, but
some of them mingle their waters with it in high floods. Below Kalabagh
the Indus is a typical lowland river of great size, with many sandy
islands in the bed and a wide valley subject to its inundations.
Opposite Dera Ismail Khan the valley is seventeen miles across. As a
plains river the Indus runs at first through the Mianwali district of
the Panjab, then divides Mianwali from Dera Ismail Khan, and lastly
parts Muzaffargarh and the Bahawalpur State from the Panjab frontier
district of Dera Ghazi Khan.

~The Jhelam.~--The Jhelam, the most westernly of the five rivers of the
Panjab, is called the Veth in Kash