Ivashko and Ivashechko, are caressing diminutives of Ivan.

[208] "Some storytellers," says Afanasief, "substitute the word snake
(_zmei_) in the Skazka for that of witch (_vyed'ma_)."

[209] Diminutive of Elena.

[210] _Gusi--lebedi_, geese--swans.

[211] Afanasief, i. No. 4.

[212] Kulish, ii. 17.

[213] Khudyakof, No. 53.

[214] Ibid. No. 52.

[215] The demonism of Ceylon "represents demons as having _human_
fathers and mothers, and as being born in the ordinary course of
nature. Though born of human parents, all their qualities are
different from those of men. They leave their parents sometime after
their birth, but before doing so, they generally take care to try
their demoniac powers on them." "Demonology and Witchcraft in Ceylon,"
by Dandris de Silva Gooneratne Modliar. "Journal of Ceylon Branch of
Royal Asiatic Society," 1865-6, p. 17.

[216] Afanasief, vi. No. 57. From the Ukraine.

[217] "Whither [his] eyes look."

[218] Vertodub, the Tree-extractor (_vertyet'_ = to twirl, _dub_ =
tree or oak) is the German _Baumdreher_ or _Holzkrummacher_;
_Vertogor_ the Mountain leveller (_gora_ = mountain) answers to the
_Steinzerreiber_ or _Felsenkripperer_.

[219] Why are you just now so _zaplakannoi_ or blubbered.
(_Zalplakat'_, or _plakat'_ = to cry.)

[220] _Otkuda ni vzyalis._

[221] _Vidimo--nevidimo_, visibly--invisibly.

[222] _Zashumyeli_, they began to produce a _shum_ or noise.

[223] Afanasief, _P.V.S._, i. 80-84. In the Albanian story of "The
Serpent Child," (Hahn, No. 100), the heroine, the wife of the man whom
forty snake-sloughs encase, is assisted in her troubles by two
subterranean beings whom she finds employed in baking. They use their
hands instead of shovels, and clean out the oven with their breasts.
They are called "Sisters of the Sun."

CHAPTER III.

MYTHOLOGICAL.

_Miscellaneous Impersonifications._

Somewhat resembling the picture usually drawn of the supernatural
Witch in the Skazkas, is that which some of them offer of a
personification of evil called Likho.[224] The following story,
belonging to the familiar Polyphemus-cycle, will serve to convey an
idea of this baleful being, who in it takes a female form.

ONE-EYED LIKHO.[224]

Once upon a time there was a smith. "Well now," says
he, "I've never set eyes on any harm. They say there's evil
(_likho_)[225] in the world. I'll go and seek me out evil." So he
went and had a goodish drink, and then