ii. 226.

[268] Afanasief, iv. No. 40. From the Tver Government.

[269] Translated literally from Afanasief, _P.V.S._ ii. 227.

[270] Yastreb = vulture or goshawk

[271] Quoted from Borichefsky (pp. 183-5) by Afanasief.

[272] Tereshchenko, v. 43, 44.

[273] Literally "Life disgusted them worse than a bitter radish."

[274] Translated literally from Afanasief, _P.V.S._ ii. 230.

[275] "Deutsche Mythologie," 462.

[276] Afanasief, _loc. cit._ p. 231.

[277] Afanasief, iv. No. 42. From the Vologda Government.

[278] _Chelpan_, a sort of dough cake, or pie without stuffing.

[279] _Bogatir_ is the regular term for a Russian "hero of romance."
Its origin is disputed, but it appears to be of Tartar extraction.

[280] _Nast_, snow that has thawed and frozen again.

[281] _Suzhenoi-ryazhenoi._

[282] _Zhenikhi._

[283] _Sil'no priudaril_, mightily smote harder.

[284] _Okostenyeli_, were petrified.

[285] Afanasief, _P.V.S._ i. 318-19.

[286] Ibid. i. 312.

[287] As with Der Frostige in the German story of "Die sechs Diener,"
_KM._, No. 134, p. 519, and "The Man with the White Hat," in that of
"Sechse kommen durch die ganze Welt," No. 71, p. 295, and their
variants in different lands. See Grimm, iii. p. 122.

[288] No. 13, "The Stepmother's Daughter and the Stepdaughter,"
written down in Kazan.

[289] This is a thoroughly Buddhistic idea. According to Buddhist
belief, the treasure which has belonged to anyone in a former
existence may come to him in the shape of a man who, when killed,
turns to gold. The first story of the fifth book of the
"Panchatantra," is based upon an idea of this kind. A man is told in a
vision to kill a monk. He does so, and the monk becomes a heap of
gold. A barber, seeing this, kills several monks, but to no purpose.
See Benfey's Introduction, pp. 477-8.

[290] For an account of the _ovin_, and the respect paid to it or to
the demons supposed to haunt it see "The Songs of the Russian People,"
p. 257.

[291] Chudinsky, No. 13. "The Daughter and the Stepdaughter." From the
Nijegorod Government.

[292] _Vikhr'_ or _Vikhor'_ from _vit'_, to whirl or twist.

[293] Khudyakof, No. 82. The story ends in the same way as that of
Norka. See supra, p. 73.

[294] Khudyakof, No. 86. Morfei the Cook is merely a development of
the magic cudgel which in so many stories (_e.g._ the sixth of the
Calmuck tales) is often exchanged for other treasures by its master,
to whom it soon retur