laware. The Shawnee and Delaware were the
principal barrier to the settlement of Kentucky and West Virginia for a
period of 20 years, while in all that time neither the Cherokee nor the
Iroquois offered any resistance or checked the opposition of the Ohio
tribes.

The Cherokee bounds in Virginia should be extended along the mountain
region as far at least as the James River, as they claim to have lived
at the Peaks of Otter,[54] and seem to be identical with the Rickohockan
or Rechahecrian of the early Virginia writers, who lived in the
mountains beyond the Monacan, and in 1656 ravaged the lowland country as
far as the site of Richmond and defeated the English and the Powhatan
Indians in a pitched battle at that place.[55]

[Footnote 54: Schoolcraft, Notes on Iroquois, 1847.]

[Footnote 55: Bancroft, Hist. U.S.]

The language of the Tuscarora, formerly of northeastern North Carolina,
connect them directly with the northern Iroquois. The Chowanoc and
Nottoway and other cognate tribes adjoining the Tuscarora may have been
offshoots from that tribe.

PRINCIPAL TRIBES.

Cayuga.
Cherokee.
Conestoga.
Erie.
Mohawk.
Neuter.
Nottoway.
Oneida.
Onondaga.
Seneca.
Tionontate.
Tuscarora.
Wyandot.

_Population._--The present number of the Iroquoian stock is about
43,000, of whom over 34,000 (including the Cherokees) are in the United
States while nearly 9,000 are in Canada. Below is given the population
of the different tribes, compiled chiefly from the Canadian Indian
Report for 1888, and the United States Census Bulletin for 1890:

Cherokee:
Cherokee and Choctaw Nations, Indian Territory
(exclusive of adopted Indians, negroes, and whites) 25,557
Eastern Band, Qualla Reservation, Cheowah, etc., North Carolina
(exclusive of those practically white) 1,500?
Lawrence school, Kansas 6
------
27,063
Caughnawaga:
Caughnawaga, Quebec 1,673

Cayuga:
Grand River, Ontario 972?
With Seneca, Quapaw Agency, Indian Territory (total 255) 128?
Cattaraugus Reserve, New York 165
Other Reserves in New York