ted them. For the
present, therefore, the Taensa language is considered to be a branch of
the Na'htchi.

The Taensa formerly dwelt upon the Mississippi, above and close to the
Na'htchi. Early in the history of the French settlements a portion of
the Taensa, pressed upon by the Chicasa, fled and were settled by the
French upon Mobile Bay.

PRINCIPAL TRIBES.

Na'htchi.
Taensa.

_Population._--There still are four Na'htchi among the Creek in Indian
Territory and a number in the Cheroki Hills near the Missouri border.

PALAIHNIHAN FAMILY.

= Palaihnih, Hale in U.S. Expl. Expd., VI, 218, 569, 1846 (used in
family sense).

= Palaik, Hale in U.S. Expl. Expd., VI, 199, 218, 569, 1846 (southeast
of Lutuami in Oregon), Gallatin in Trans. Am. Eth. Soc., II, pt. 1,
18, 77, 1848. Latham, Nat. Hist. Man., 325, 1850 (southeast of
Lutuami). Berghaus (1851), Physik. Atlas, map 17, 1852. Latham in
Proc. Philolog. Soc. Lond., VI, 82, 1854 (cites Hale's vocab). Latham
in Trans. Philolog. Soc. Lond., 74, 1856 (has Shoshoni affinities).
Latham, Opuscula, 310, 341, 1860. Latham, El. Comp. Phil., 407, 1862.

= Palainih, Gallatin in Trans. Am. Eth. Soc., II, pt. 1, c, 1848.
(after Hale). Berghaus (1851), Physik. Atlas, map 17, 1852.

= Pulairih, Gallatin in Schoolcraft, Ind. Tribes, III, 402, 1853
(obvious typographical error; quotes Hale's Palaiks).

= Pit River, Powers in Overland Monthly, 412, May, 1874 (three
principal tribes: Achom['a]wes, Hamefcuttelies, Astakaywas or
Astakywich). Gatschet in Mag. Am. Hist., 164, 1877 (gives habitat;
quotes Hale for tribes). Gatschet in Beach, Ind. Misc., 439, 1877.

= A-cho-m[^a][']-wi, Powell in Cont. N.A. Eth., III, 601, 1877
(vocabs. of A-cho-m[^a][']-wi and Lutuami). Powers in ibid., 267
(general account of tribes; A-cho-m[^a][']-wi, Hu-m[^a][']-whi,
Es-ta-ke[']-wach, Han-te[']-wa, Chu-m[^a][']-wa, A-tu-a[']-mih,
Il-m[^a][']-wi).

< Klamath, Keane, App. Stanford's Comp. (Cent. and So. Am.), 460, 475,
1878 (includes Palaiks).

< Shasta, Bancroft, Nat. Races, III, 565, 1882 (contains Palaik of
present family).

Derivation: From the Klamath word _p'laikni_, signifying "mountaineers"
or "uplanders" (Gatschet).

In two places[73] Hale uses the terms Palaihnih and Palaiks
interchangeably, but inasmuch as on page 569, in his formal table of
linguistic families and languages, he calls the family Palaihnih, this
is giv