. "Living in
their families, with no public amusements, with no distractions, the
middle-class Germans, especially in North Germany, regard reading, study
and meditation as their chief pleasures and main necessity; they
study to learn rather than to prepare themselves for a lucrative
profession.....The theologian scrutinizes even to their roots the truth
of morality and of natural theology. As to positive religion he wishes
to know its history and will study in the original tongue sacred
writings and all the languages relating to it that may throw light
on it; he desires to possess the details of Church history and become
acquainted with the usages of one century after another and the motives
of the changes which took place.--The law student is not content with a
knowledge of the code of his country; in his studies everything must be
related to the general principles of natural and political laws. He must
know the history of rights at all epochs, and, consequently, he has
need of the political history of nations; he must be familiar with the
various European constitutions, and be able to read the diplomas and
charters of all ages; the complex German legislation obliges him, and
will for a long time, to know the canon laws of both religious, of
feudal and public law, as well as of civil and criminal law; and if
the means of verifying at its sources all that is taught to him are not
afforded to him, he regards instruction as cut short and insufficient."]

[Footnote 6217: Louis Liard, "L'Enseignement superieur en France,"
pp.307-309]

[Footnote 6218: Two prisons at the time.(SR.)]

[Footnote 6219: Comte Chaptal, "Notes."--Chaptal, a bright scholar,
studied in his philosophy class at Rodez under M. Laguerbe, a highly
esteemed professor. "Everything was confined to unintelligible
discussions on metaphysics and to the puerile subtleties of logic." This
lasted two years. Public discussions by the pupils were held three or
four hours long; the bishop, the noblesse, the full chapter attended
at these scholastic game-cock fights. Chaptal acquired a few correct
notions of geometry, algebra and the planetary system, but outside of
that, he says, "I got nothing out of it but a great facility in speaking
Latin and a passion for caviling."]

[Footnote 6220: Useful qualities for an administrator, anytime anywhere.
(SR.)]

[Footnote 6221: The Grande Ecoles today in 1998 produce first of all a
special type of engineer, a general en