language. The officer is called _miles_, and his duty is _excubiae_.]

14. FORMULA BESTOWING RANK AS A SENATOR.

[Sidenote: Senatorial rank.]

'We desire that our Senate should grow and flourish abundantly. As a
parent sees the increase of his family, as a husbandman the growth of
his trees with joy, so we the growth of the Senate. We therefore
desire that Graius should be included in that virtuous and
praiseworthy assembly[450]. This is a new kind of grafting, in which
the less noble shoot is grafted on to the nobler stock. As a candle
shines at night, but pales in the full sunlight, so does everyone,
however illustrious by birth or character, who is introduced into your
majestic body. Open your Curia, receive our candidate. He is already
predestined to the Senate upon whom we have conferred the dignity of
the Laticlave.'

[Footnote 450: A conjectural translation of 'Sic nos virtutum
jucundissimas laudes incinctum Graium desideramus includere.' Perhaps
'incinctum' means, 'though _not_ girded with the belt of office.'
Graium must surely be a proper name, and this document is therefore,
strictly speaking, not a 'Formula.']

15. FORMULA OF THE VICARIUS OF THE CITY OF ROME.

[Sidenote: Vicariate of the City of Rome.]

'Though nominally only the agent of another [the Praefectus Urbi] you
have powers and privileges of your own which almost entitle you to
rank with the Praefects. Suitors plead before you in causes otherwise
heard only before Praefects[451]; you pronounce sentence in the name
of the King[452] [not of the Praefect]; and you have jurisdiction even
in capital cases. You wear the chlamys, and are not to be saluted by
passers-by except when thus arrayed, as if the law wished you to be
always seen in military garb. [The chlamys was therefore at this time
a strictly military dress.] In all these things the glory of the
Praefecture seems to be exalted in you, as if one should say, "How
great must the Praefect be, if his Vicar is thus honoured!" Like the
highest dignitaries you ride in a state carriage[453]. You have
jurisdiction everywhere within the fortieth milestone from the City.
You preside over the games at Praeneste, sitting in the Consul's seat.
You enter the Senate-house itself, that palace of liberty[454]. Even
Senators and Consulars have to make their request to you, and may be
injured by you.

[Footnote 451: 'Partes apud te sub Praetoriana advocatione confligunt'
(?).]

[Footnote 452: 'Vi