nt the general design only was copied, and they
built them in the Perigordian manner. The masons from Perigord are also
responsible for the domes of the Crusaders' churches in Palestine and
for some of the early churches still remaining in Cyprus. The domes of
San Cyriaco at Ancona and Sant' Antonio at Padua were based upon those
of St Mark's at Venice.

In central Italy we have the dome (elliptical in plan) of the cathedral
of Pisa, and it was a favourite feature over the crossing of the
churches throughout Italy, being generally carried on squinch
pendentives. The domes of the baptisteries of Florence, Parma, Trieste
and Piacenza, are only internal, being enclosed with vertical walls and
a sloping roof. In Sicily, on account of the strong Saracenic influence,
the squinches are simple versions of the stalactite pendentives
described under ARCHITECTURE: _Mahommedan_ (q.v.), the earliest example
being found in the church of San Giovanni-dei-Leprosi (A.D. 1072), all
the domes being ovoid in section.

Except in Perigord and La Charente, domes are not found in the churches
in France, but in Spain they were introduced over the crossing at
Burgos, Tarragona and Salamanca cathedrals, and were made architectural
features externally. This is rarely found in Germany, for although in
the cathedrals of Worms, Spires and Mainz, and in the churches of St
Martin and Sankt Maria im Capitol at Cologne, the crossings are covered
by domes, always carried on squinch pendentives, externally they built
lanterns round them.

In the Renaissance styles, the dome was at once accepted as the
principal characteristic feature, and its erection over the crossing of
Santa Maria del Fiore at Florence was the first important work entrusted
to Brunelleschi. The dome was begun in 1422, and finished in 1431, with
the exception of the lantern, begun the year of his death in 1444, and
completed in 1471. The dome, which is octagonal on plan, is 139 ft. in
diameter, and is built with an inner and outer casing, concentric one
with the other, tied together by ribs between them: the lower portion is
stone, the upper part is brick.

The double shell was also employed by Michelangelo in the dome of St
Peter's at Rome, the outer shell being raised higher than the lower and
connected by ribs one with the other. The diameter is 140 ft. and the
construction in brick, similar to that at Florence, but the ribs are in
stone from Tivoli. In both these cases the weight