f a new creed is more odious than the rigorous
maintenance of the time-honored faith of a nation.

Mary, therefore, insisted on perpetuating the established order of things;
Elizabeth on subverting it.

Fourth--The elder sister was propagating what she believed to be the
unchangeable and infallible doctrines of Jesus Christ; the younger sister
was propagating her own and her father's novel and more or less uncertain
opinions.

Fifth--While Mary had no private or personal motives in oppressing
Protestants, Elizabeth's hostility to the Catholic Church was intensified,
if not instigated, by her hatred of the Pope, who had declared her
illegitimate. Her legitimacy before the world depended on the success of
the new religion, which had legalized her father's divorce from Catherine.

Sixth--Hence as Macaulay says, Mary was sincere in her religion; Elizabeth
was not. "Having no scruple about conforming to the Romish Church when
conformity was necessary to her own safety, retaining to the last moment
of her life a fondness for much of the doctrine and much of the ceremonial
of that Church, she yet subjected that Church to a persecution even more
odious than the persecution with which her sister had harassed the
Protestants. Mary ... did nothing for her religion which she was not
prepared to suffer for it. She had held it firmly under persecution. She
fully believed it to be essential to salvation. Elizabeth, in opinion, was
little more than half a Protestant. She had professed, when it suited her,
to be wholly a Catholic.... What can be said in defence of a ruler who is
at once indifferent and intolerant?"(324)

An intelligent gentleman in North Carolina once said to me tauntingly,
What do you think of bloody Mary? Did you ever hear, I replied, of her
sister's cruelties to Catholics? He answered that he never read of that
_mild_ woman persecuting for conscience' sake. I was amazed at his words,
until he acknowledged that his historical library was comprised in one
work--_D' Aubigne's History of the Reformation_. That _veracious_ author
has prudently suppressed, or delicately touched, Elizabeth's peccadilloes
as not coming within the scope of his plan. How many are found, like our
North Carolina gentleman, who are familiar from their childhood with the
name of _Smithfield_, but who never once heard of _Tyburn_!

Chapter XIX.

GRACE--THE SACRAMENTS--ORIGINAL SIN--BAPTISM--ITS NECESSI