d and seek shelter
elsewhere. St. Augustine and New Mexico were founded by the Spaniards
long before a cabin was built in Jamestown, and the Spanish and French
sovereigns ruled numerous flourishing dependencies in the New World ere
the English Pilgrims had seen Plymouth. The Anglo-Saxons, then, were not
so forward in explorations and discoveries as their neighbors, the Celts
and Latins. Review the epoch of the colonial development, and we find
that the Celt surpasses the Saxon.

The Huguenots fled from France; the Scotchman left his native heather to
escape despotism; the Irishman exiled from his patrimony sought a home
in the American wilds. Many a Spaniard made his Nova Iberia in the
South, and the log-cabins of the French pioneers dotted the
north-western wilderness. The Swedes founded Delaware, and New York was
created by the stolid Dutch. The Moravians and the Welsh came hither
likewise; the Puritans fled Merry England and Quakers sought religious
freedom in America; but the great body of the English people believing
in the State and the religion of their sovereign, had no desire to risk
fortune here, especially when the laws were made for their benefit even
if at the expense of the colonists. Thus, with exceptions of the Quaker
and the Puritan, some few Cavaliers and the paupers, the great body of
the Anglo-Saxon people remained at home. In American colonization,
Anglo-Saxonism was but a drop in the bucket. Among all the famous
thirteen colonies there was not one settled by Saxons exclusively; and
in all of the colonies the Celt predominated. The Puritans when they
founded Massachusetts, rigorously excluded all who differed from them;
nevertheless the Celt waxed strong in New England. "It was," says
Hawthorne, "no uncommon thing in those days to see an
advertisement in the colonial paper, of the
arrival of fresh Irish slaves and potatoes." Bunker Hill itself was
named after a knoll in county Antrim. Faneuil Hall was the gift of a
Celt, and the plan of it was drawn by Berkeley, the Irish philosopher,
who said prophetically,

"Westward the course of empire takes its way;
The four first acts already past,
A fifth shall close the drama with the day;
Time's noblest empire is the last."

The Boston Irish Charitable Society was organized near a century and a
half ago, and the first paper mill in Massachusetts was built by a Celt
named Thomas Smith. The names of Belfast, Londonderry, Ulster, Sullivan