i (see pp. 61-67).

The analogy is all the more striking when it is realized that the titles
of the Mexican chieftainess were: "the Woman warrior, the Woman of the
Underworld or Below, the Woman serpent or female twin and the Eagle
woman," while the emblem of the Egyptian goddess-queen of the south was
the vulture and she was the personification of Isis, represented under the
form of a serpent, the twin of the male serpent, Osiris.

[Illustration.]

Figure 71.

Much food for thought is furnished by a Syrian relief sculpture from Amrit
(published by Spamer, see fig. 71, 2), which exhibits a vulture or eagle
with outstretched wings, in juxtaposition to a winged disk which appears
to combine features of the Assyrian winged disk (the bird's tail and two
appendages, see fig. 71,1) with the two uraei of the Egyptian form (fig.
71, 3). It is striking how clear the symbolism of the latter becomes when
interpreted (1) as the symbol of the hidden god and his male and female
form, Osiris and Isis, accompanied by the wings symbolizing air and the
idea that the deity was invisible and immaterial; (2) as the symbol of
Egypt itself--an entity, a complete circle, divided into two parts, under
two rulers. The pair of antelope horns above emphasize the fact that the
twain were as a single pair. The combined crowns of Upper and Lower Egypt,
the latter exhibiting a serpent's head and the first, what appears to be
its tail, constitute the symbol of joint rulership which, in this case, is
accompanied by the feather, the rebus expressing the words "truth and
justice."

While the Syrian bas-relief conveys the idea of two separate kingdoms, one
conveying the idea of single rulership, by the form of an eagle; the other
of dual rulership, by the two uraei, each of which is crowned by a small
disk; the Egyptian symbol distinctly conveys the idea of a close union of
two distinct parts. The historical fact that Menes succeeded in uniting
both lands under a single crown, indicates clearly enough that the ancient
empire had become disintegrated and that by marrying the female ruler of
the south he had reinstated the dual government on its original primitive
basis. That, during the period of separation and independence, a powerful
gynocracy had been formed seems more than probable. Just as evidences are
met with in ancient Mexico of the existence of female communities, so the
Old World