vileged
caste. A somewhat similar arrangement to the Mexican is that of the Zunis
at the present time. According to Mr. Cushing, they assign yellow, blue,
red and white to the cardinal points, speckled and black to the
Above=zenith and Below=nadir, and "all colours to the Middle or Centre."

In Peru, Mexico and Yucatan I have found scattered notices proving that
individuals habitually painted their bodies with their respective colors.
The Mexican "lords of the night" smeared themselves with black. A passage
in Sahagun (book I, chap. V) speaks of the whitening of the "face, arms,
hands and legs with 'ticatl' "=chalk, as though this were a habit of the
"noblewomen." In the Codices some women are, in fact, represented with
white faces, whilst those of the majority are painted yellow and it is
known that yellow ochre was employed in reality. I have, in preparation, a
brief, illustrated monograph showing the various modes of painting the
face represented in the native pictorial records. In these, men painted
red are of frequent occurrence, and it is known that the "red man" owed
his appellation to the custom of using red pigment on his body.

Let us now briefly consider some of the results which inevitably followed
the establishment of two diverging cults which were the outcome of the
primitive recognition of duality and the artificial association of sex
with Heaven and Earth, Day and Night, etc. On pp. 60-62 I have cited
evidence showing that at one time in the past history of the Aztecs,
serious differences arose between the male and female rulers, and led to a
separation of the tribe and the establishment of two distinct centres of
government.

The native languages furnish strong indications that, in ordinary tribal
life, the separation of the sexes must have been generally enforced from
remote antiquity and that male and female communities existed in various
portions of the continent. It is well known that, to this day, the Nahuatl
tongue spoken by the men is different from that spoken by the women, and
that the same duality of language prevails among other American tribes.
When the male and female portions of the native states separated and
founded separate capitals it is obvious that each would have still further
cultivated a separate language and that the institution of two distinct
cults would have accentuated their differences and given a fresh impetus
to their development. As will be shown, the Maya chronicles rev