d rigorous
punishment awaited those who sold by false measure or bartered stolen
property."

After making the preceding statements I advanced the opinion "that the
periodical market-day was the most important regulator of the Mexican
social organization and that the monolith generally known as the
Calendar-stone was the Market-stone of the City of Mexico. It bears the
record of fixed market days; and I venture to suggest that from these the
formation of the Mexican Calendar system originated. The stone shows the
existence of communal property and of an equal division of general
contributions into certain portions...."

I concluded the above communication with the statement: "Before publishing
my final results I shall submit them to a searching and prolonged
investigation. An examination of the originals of many of the Codices
reproduced in Lord Kingsborough's 'Mexican Antiquities' will be necessary
to determine important points and during the forthcoming year my line of
researches will be in this direction." In my youthful enthusiasm and
inexperience I little foresaw, when I wrote the above sentences, that I
should spend thirteen years in diligent research before I felt ready to
express my ripened conclusions concerning the Calendar-stone. Although the
results I am about to submit are final they are necessarily incomplete,
their full presentation with adequate illustrations being included in my
forthcoming special work on the Social and Calendaric system of ancient
America. For the present I have limited myself to the reproduction of the
outline drawing of the monolith made by the late Dionysio Abadiano of
Mexico and published in his somewhat fanciful work on this subject.(69) No
one, however, had studied the Calendar-stone more carefully than he; and,
besides being extremely accurate in outline, his drawing has the merit of
including the eight deep circular holes which were drilled at regular
intervals outside of the worked border of the stone as well as the groups
of smaller circular and shallow depressions which Senor Abadiano
discovered on the outer unworked portion of the monolithic block. Without
discussing here the question whether the eight drill holes were intended
to support a species of gnomon, as Leon y Gama first maintained, or merely
served for the guidance of those who carved this marvel of accurate
workmanship and symmetrical design, I shall merely point out that,
although the group of circular depressi