GAUL.

Seven provinces.

BRITAIN.

Seven kings=heptarchy.

Four kings of Kent=tetrarchy.

IRELAND.

Seven sanctuaries grouped around central tower.

Four associates of king of Erin.

Group consisting of 12+1=13 stone figures, p. 469.

SCANDINAVIA.

Four guardians of four quarters.

Thor, supreme divinity, pole-star god, seated and holding "seven stars,"
the symbol of seven-fold power, in his hand.

Group consisting of royal throne surrounded by 12 stones. Odin associated
with twelve "godes," p. 472.

NORTH AMERICA.

Huron confederacy=seven tribes, quadriform city, 2x4=8 gentes, p. 198.

ZUNI.

Seven directions in space, seven quarters of city, seven tribes, seven
towns.

Four bands of priests, p. 201.

Twelve, _i. e._, thirteen priesthoods, p. 201.

MEXICO.

Seven tribes issued from seven caves, seven gods or chiefs, p. 62.

Four quarters of city, represented by four chieftains, four subrulers,
four divisions of army, four year signs, four tribes, four tribal trees
(fig. 52), four storied pyramids.

Thirteen divisions or parts, p. 181.

Calendar and state organized into 4x13=52 parts.

YUCATAN.

Title of ruler, "the divine Four," four sub-rulers, four royal brothers,
four-year periods, p. 218, four quarters, p. 223, four year signs.

Twelve _i. e._ thirteen priest-rulers of Mayapan, p. 209.

GUATEMALA.

Seven tribes, seven day period, p. 179.

Four nations, four provinces, four capitals, four Tullans, pp. 164, 171.

Thirteen divisions of warriors, p. 179.

PERU.

Empire named "Four in one," Creator named "Earth, air, fire and water in
One," four provinces, four viceroys.

Twelve _i. e._ thirteen wards in Cuzco, twelve divisions of year, p. 144.

Before commenting upon the above summary, and as its necessary complement,
a brief examination must be made of the various modes in which the
phenomenon of celestial axial rotation figured in the rituals of primitive
people.

OLD WORLD.

The lighting of "sacred fire," by means of the wooden fire-drill and the
wooden socket block, appears as the most ancient and widespread
ritualistic performance.

To begin with, the reader is requested to read carefully the following
detached extracts from Hewitt's work:

"In the Rig-Veda the Aryan invaders of Lydia are called the Tritsu, 'the
boring people,' who used the fire-drill; also Arna, 'sons of Arani,' the
fire-drill, whose sacred number is four".... "In India, from time
immemorial