ernment based on a numerical and cosmical scheme, the elements
of which had apparently been spread by the Phoenicians. In Copan and
Quirigua we find remnants of long-established, peaceable communities
revealing no trace of war-like weapons, and the memorial stelae of whose
rulers stand above hidden cruciform vaults, while carved personages are
represented as seated in the centre of ornate crosses. In Yucatan, through
which land the foreign civilization seems to have reached the plateau of
Mexico, there are significant traces of an ancient city, named Zilan,
situated on the Atlantic coast; proofs that buildings of cosmical forms
were erected; that the state of Mayapan was laid out on the familiar
cosmical plan; that repeated migrations took place, and that, from time
immemorial, a calendar, on the same numerical basis as that of Mexico, had
been in use. The great state of Mayapan, where a remarkable stone cross
was found at Cozumel by the Spaniards, is shown to have been figured as a
circle within a circle, the whole divided into four parts by cross-lines.
Here, as in Chiapas and Mexico, all divisions of government, population
and time are organized on a numerical scheme representing the combination
of 4x5=20 _i. e_. an entire finger and toe count, "a whole man," with the
13 directions in space. The multiplication of 13 and 20 results in a unit
of 260 which, as a cycle of time, represents the complete set of all
harmonious combinations of man the miniature image of the living state,
with the thirteen directions of space in the all-embracing Cosmos,
composed of four primary elements. In consonance with this we find the
existence of 20 (or 4x5) lords, whose names correspond to those of the 4
chief and 16 minor day-signs of the calendar, and of a lord by election,
whose name signifies the thirteen divisions or parts, and who constituted
a microcosmos, a Four in One. In regular rotation the 20 lords, consisting
of 4 chief and 4x4=16=minor rulers fulfilled duties towards the supreme
representative who resided in the capital, while they respectively lived
in four provinces, the population of which was subdivided into four tribes
each of the 20 divisions of the state being again divided into 13 parts.

In a cosmical state like this in which each individual not only felt
himself to be a unit and a microcosmos, but also an indispensable part of
a living organism, under the form of which the state was symbolized, its
inhabitants, le