Nov. North's prohibitory bill 162

CHAPTER IX.

SARATOGA.

27 Aug., 1776. The battle of Long Island 164
15 Sept. British take New York 165
11, 13 Oct. Carleton's victory on Lake Champlain 166
8 Dec. Washington retreats across the Delaware 167
26. The surprise of Trenton 168
Partial secession of whigs from parliament 169
Impressment for the navy 170
1777. Arrears of the civil list 171
Plan for co-operation between Howe and Burgoyne 172
June-Nov. Howe's campaign. Battle of the Brandywine,
Sept. 11 173
American camp at Valley Forge 175
6 July. Burgoyne captures Ticonderoga 176
His difficulties, distress, and failure 177
17 Oct. The convention of Saratoga 179
Responsibility for the disaster 179
6 Jan., 1778. Alliance between France and the Americans 181
Why England had not yet subdued the Americans 183

CHAPTER X.

WAR WITH FRANCE AND SPAIN.

1777-78. The opposition and the war 186
Mar., 1778. The king's refusal to allow Chatham to form a
ministry 187
11 May. Chatham's death 190
Constitutional importance of the issue of the
war 191
Abuses in naval administration 191
27 July. Naval action off Ushant 193
Progress of the war in America 193
Lord Howe and Count d'Estaing 194
Mistaken naval policy of Great Britain 195
Aug., 1779. Combined French and Spanish fleets in the
Channel 196
The war in various parts of the world