hich may have originated in
the fact that Juno also was worshipped on the Kalends; Matutinus, which
seems to be a late reference to the dawn as the opening or gate of the
day, and Quirinus, which last is also almost certainly of late origin.
Clusius and Patulcius are genuine old titles, if the text of the Salian
hymn is rightly interpreted; so too is another, Curiatius, for it was
used of the god only as residing in an ancient gateway near the Subura
called the _tigillum sororium_.[249] These are all the most important
facts we have to go upon; the double head of Janus on the earliest Roman
_as_ is of uncertain origin, and Wissowa seems to have conclusively
shown that this representation was not admitted to the gate called Janus
Geminus until towards the close of the republican period.[250] The
connection of the god with the fortress on the hill across the Tiber,
which still bears his name, admits of no quite satisfactory explanation.

Now if we recall the fact that the entrance to the house and the
entrance to a city were points of great moment, and the cause of
constant anxiety to the early Italian mind, we may naturally infer that
they would be in the care of some particular numen, and that his
worship would be in the care of the head of the family or community--in
the case of the city, in the care of the _rex_, whose duties of this
kind were afterwards taken over by the priest called _rex sacrorum_. The
fact that the word for an entrance was _ianus_ confirms this conjecture;
Janus was perhaps the spirit guarding the entrance to the real wall of
the earliest city, but when the city was enlarged in the age from which
the calendar dates, a symbolic gateway was set up where you entered the
forum from the direction of Latium, answering to the symbolic hearth in
the _aedes Vestae_, and this very naturally took the name of the deity
associated with entrances. Two other _iani_ probably existed in the
forum, and the name was later on transferred as a substantive to similar
objects in Roman colonies, while a feminine form, _ianua_, came to be
used for ordinary house entrances.[251] Whether there ever was a cult of
the god at the real gateway of a city we do not know; there was none at
the symbolic gateway of Rome, which was in no sense a temple. But the
idea of entrance stuck to the old spirit of the doorway long after the
reconstruction of the city, and the rex now sacrifices to him on the
entrance-day of each month, and more