ted only in times of danger. We
think, however, they were locations of villages, the customary places
of abode. For this is in strict accordance with what we find to be the
early condition of savage life in every part of the world.

Traces of these settlements on the main-land have been mostly
obliterated by the cultivation of the soil during the many years
that have elapsed since their Neolithic founders occupied them. In
Switzerland the location of five of these villages are known. In all
instances they occupied places very difficult of approach--generally
precipitous sides on all but one or two. On the accessible sides
ramparts defended them. The relics obtained are in all respects similar
to those from the lake villages.<12>

Illustration of Fortified Camp, Cissbury.------------

Fortified inclosures have been described in Belgium. We are told, "They
are generally established on points overhanging valleys, on a mass of
rocks forming a kind of headland, which is united to the rest of the
country by a narrow neck of land. A wide ditch was dug across this
narrow tongue of land, and the whole camp was surrounded by a thick
wall of stone, simply piled one upon another, without either mortar or
cement." "One of these walls, when described, was ten feet thick, and
the same in height." These intrenched positions were so well chosen that
most of them continued to be occupied during the ages which followed.
The Romans occasionally utilized them for their camps. Over the whole
inclosure of these ancient camps worked flints and remains of pottery
have been found.<13> These fortified places have been well studied in
the south of England.

What is known as the South-Downs in Sussex is a range of hills of a
general height of seven hundred feet. This section is about five miles
wide and fifty miles long. Four rivers flow through these downs to the
sea. In olden times their lower courses must have been deep inlets of
the sea, thus dividing those hills into five groups, each separated
from the other by a wide extent of water and marsh land. To the north
of these hills was a vast expanse of densely wooded country. It is not
strange, then, to find traces of numerous settlements among these hills.
As the surface soil is very thin, old embankments can still be traced.
The cut given is a representation of Cissbury, one of the largest
of these camps. It incloses nearly sixty acres. The rampart varies
according to the slope of the h