in an
inscription at the side of the drawing.

References to the cittern are plentiful in the literature of the 16th
and 17th centuries. Robert Fludd[11] describes it thus: "Cistrona quae
quatuor tantum chordas duplicatas habet easque cupreas et ferreas de
quibus aliquid dicemus quo loco." Others are given in the _New English
Dictionary_, "Cittern," and in Godefroy's _Dict. de l'anc. langue
franc. du IXe au XVe siecle_. (K. S.)

FOOTNOTES:

[1] See Shakespeare, _Love's Labour's Lost_, act v. sc. 2, where
Boyet compares the countenance of Holofernes to a cittern head; John
Forde, _Lovers' Melancholy_ (1629), act ii. sc. 1, "Barbers shall
wear thee on their citterns."

[2] _Dialogo della musica_ (Florence, 1581), p. 147.

[3] The musical extracts from the commonplace book were prepared by
Dr Rimbault for the Early English Text Society. Holborne's work is
mentioned in his _Bibliotheca Madrigaliana_. The descriptive list of
the musical instruments in use in England during Leycester's
lifetime (about 1656) has been extracted and published by Dr F.J.
Furnivall, in _Captain Cox, his Ballads and Books, or Robert
Laneham's Letter_ (1575), (London, 1871), pp. 65-68.

[4] See Knight's _London_, i. 142.

[5] See _De Vita propria sermonum inter liberos libri duo_ (Haarlem,
1817) and E. van der Straeten, _La Musique aux Pays-Bas_, ii.
348-35O.

[6] _Syntagma Musicum_ (1618). See also M. Mersenne, _Harmonie
universelle_ (Paris, 1636), livre ii. prop. xv., who gives different
accordances.

[7] See Carl Engel, _Catalogue_ of the Exhibition of Ancient Musical
Instruments (London, 1872), Nos. 289 and 290.

[8] See note above. Illustration in A.J. Hipkins, _Musical Instruments;
Historic, Rare and Unique_ (Edinburgh, 1888).

[9] For a resume of the question of the origin of this famous psalter,
and an inquiry into its bearing on the history of musical
instruments with illustrations and facsimile reproductions, see
Kathleen Schlesinger, _The Instruments of the Orchestra_, part ii.
"The Precursors of the Violin Family," pp. 127-166 (London,
1908-1909).

[10] An oval cittern and a ghittern, side by side, occur in the
beautiful 13th-century Spanish MS. known as _Cantigas de Santa
Maria_ in the Escorial. For a fine facsimile in colours see marquis
de Valmar, _Real. Acad. Esq._, publ. by L. Aguado (Mad