3. The _appoggiatura_ (lit. _leaning note_) consists of an ornamental
tone introduced before a tone of a melody, thus delaying the melody tone
until the ornamental tone has been heard. The time taken for this
ornamental tone is taken from that of the melody tone.

The appoggiatura was formerly classified into _long
appoggiatura_ and _short appoggiatura_, but modern writers
seem to consider the term "short appoggiatura" to be
synonymous with acciaccatura[12], and to avoid confusion the
word _acciaccatura_ will be used in this sense, and defined
under its own heading.

[Footnote 12: In organ music the acciaccatura is still taken to mean
that the embellishing tone and the melody tone are to be sounded
together, the former being then instantly released, while the latter is
held to its full time-value.]

74. Three rules for the interpretation of the appoggiatura are commonly
cited, viz.:

(1) When it is possible to divide the principal tone into
halves, then the appoggiatura receives one-half the value of
the printed note. (Fig. 50.)

(2) When the principal note is dotted (division into halves
being therefore not possible), the appoggiatura receives
two-thirds of the value. (Fig. 51.)

(3) When the principal note is tied to a note of smaller
denomination the appoggiatura receives the value of the first
of the two notes. (Fig. 52.)

[Illustration: Fig. 50.]

[Illustration: Fig. 51.]

[Illustration: Fig. 52.]

75. The _acciaccatura_ (or short appoggiatura) is written like the
appoggiatura except that it has a light stroke across its stem.
[Illustration] It has no definite duration-value, but is sounded as
quickly as possible, taking its time from that of the principal tone.
The appoggiatura is always accented, but the acciaccatura never is, the
stress always falling on the melody tone. (See Grove, op. cit. Vol. I,
p. 96.)

The use of embellishments is on the wane, and the student of
to-day needs the above information only to aid him in the
interpretation of music written in previous centuries. In the
early days of instrumental music it was necessary to introduce
graces of all sorts because the instruments in use were not
capable of sustaining tone for any length of time; but with
the advent of the modern piano with its comparatively great
sustaining power, and also with the advent in vocal music of