.

_Crescendo ed animando poco a poco_--growing gradually louder
in tone and quicker in _tempo_.

_Crescendo ed affrettando_--gradually louder and faster.
[Transcriber's Note: Corrected misspelling "affretando" in
original.]

_Crescendo poco a poco sin al fine_--crescendo gradually even
up to the very end.

126. _Decrescendo_ (_decresc._ or [decrescendo symbol]) means a gradual
diminishing of the tone. It is the opposite of _crescendo_. The word
_diminuendo_ is synonymous with _decrescendo_.

_Decrescendo_ (or _diminuendo_) _al pianissimo_ means--decrease
gradually in power until the _pianissimo_ (or very soft) point is
reached.

127. A number of _terms referring to both softer tone and slower tempo_
are in use. The most common of these are:--_mancando_, _moriente_,[30]
_morendo_, _perdendo_ (from _perdere_--to lose), _perdendosi_,
_calando_, and _smorzando_.[31] Such expressions are usually
translated--"gradually dying away."

[Footnote 30: Both _moriente_ and _morendo_ mean literally--_dying_.]

[Footnote 31: From _smorzare_ (It.)--to extinguish.]

128. In piano music the abbreviation _Ped._ indicates that the damper
pedal (the one at the right) is to be depressed, while the sign [damper
release symbol] shows that it is to be released. In many modern editions
this depression and release of the damper pedal are more accurately
indicated by the sign [damper symbol].

The term _senza sordini_ is also occasionally found in old
editions, indicating that the damper pedal is to be depressed,
while _con sordini_ shows that it is to be released. These
expressions are taken from a usage in music for stringed
instruments, in which the term _con sordini_ means that the
mute (a small clamp of metal, ivory or hardwood) is to be
affixed to the bridge, this causing a modification in both
power and quality of the tone. The damper on the piano does
not in any way correspond to the mute thus used on stringed
instruments, and the terms above explained as sometimes
occurring in piano music are not to be recommended, even
though Beethoven used them in this sense in all his earlier
sonatas.

129. The words _una corda_ (lit.--one string) indicate that the "soft
pedal" (the one at the left) is to be depressed, while the words _tre
corde_ (lit. three strings) or _tutte le corde_ (all the strings) show
that the same pedal is to be