were the _Nova Scotia Magazine_, Halifax, 1789; the _Quebec
Magazine_, Quebec, 1791-1793; _L'Abeille Canadienne_, Quebec, 1818-1819;
the _Canadian Review_, 1824-1826; the _Bibliotheque Canadienne_,
Montreal, 1825; _Literary Garland_, Montreal, 1838; _Acadian Magazine_,
Halifax, 1826; and the _Revue Canadienne_, 1845. There have been several
periodicals bearing the name of _Canadian Magazine_, the earliest
published at Montreal in 1823; a second published at Toronto in 1833;
another at Toronto, 1871; and the present periodical of the same name,
which dates from 1893. Of the earlier magazines, the _Literary Garland_
and the _Revue Canadienne_ alone lived for any considerable time, the
former having been published for over thirteen years, and the latter
still survives. =Bib.=: Hopkins, _Canada: An Ency._, vol. 5.

=Canadian Northern Railway.= The first link in this transcontinental
railway dates back to 1896, when construction was commenced on the line
from Gladstone towards Lake Winnipegosis. Since then the system has been
extended east and west, and within a few years will reach from the
Atlantic to the Pacific, with numerous branches. =Bib.=: _Historical
Sketch of the Canadian Northern Railway_ in _Canadian Annual Review_,
1906.

=Canadian Pacific Railway.= The contract for construction of the railway
was signed Oct. 21, 1880, the surveys having already been carried out
under the direction of Sandford Fleming. Work was begun on the railway
in May, 1881, and the last spike driven by Sir Donald A. Smith (now Lord
Strathcona), Nov. 7, 1885. A summary of the evolution of the project
will be found in Johnson's _First Things in Canada_. =Index=: =Md=
Compact with British Columbia for its construction, 150; the Pacific
Scandal, 200-211; difficulties of construction, 232; terms of agreement,
233; Mackenzie government adopts policy of government ownership, 233;
Macdonald, on his return to power, reverts to original scheme, 234;
contract signed September, 1880, and railway completed in five years,
234; Mackenzie's views as to time needed for completion, 234-235; Blake
attacks railway policy, 235; _Globe_ criticizes, and British financiers
pessimistic, 235; directors of the syndicate, 236; terms of contract,
236; Howland syndicate, 237; financial difficulties, 237; last spike
driven at Craigellachie, Nov. 7, 1885, 238; problems of operation, 238;
what the great enterprise means to Canada, 238-239; its military value,
239; confli