without the consent of Upper Canada and the
approval of the Imperial Parliament. =Bib.=: Kingsford, _History of
Canada_.

=Canadian Alliance Society.= =Mc= Founded, December, 1834, 258; its
objects, 258. =BL= Founded at York, 16; its political programme, 16.

=Canadian Contingents in the Boer War= (1899-1902). Consisted of the
Royal Canadian Infantry, Canadian Mounted Rifles, Royal Canadian
Artillery, and Strathcona's Horse. The first contingent, which sailed
for South Africa from Quebec, Oct. 30, 1899, numbered 1141. The second
contingent, which sailed from Halifax in January and February, 1900,
mustered 1320. These two contingents comprised the official Canadian
contribution to the British forces in the war, but Lord Strathcona also
raised a contingent at his own expense. This contingent, known as
Strathcona's Horse, sailed from Halifax in March, 1900, the force
numbering 540 officers and men, and 599 horses. Over 3000 Canadians
therefore took part in the war against the Boers. Throughout the
operations in South Africa, the Canadians signally distinguished
themselves, particularly at the battle of Paardeberg on Feb. 27, 1900,
when with the Gordon Highlanders and the Shropshires they led the final
attack on Cronje's position. =Bib.=: Evans, _The Canadian Contingents_;
Marquis, _Canada's Sons on Kopje and Veldt_; Doyle, _The Great Boer
War_.

=Canadian Freeman.= =Mc= Newspaper, published by Collins, in 1825, 111.

=Canadian Institute.= Founded at Toronto, June 20, 1849, by Sandford
Fleming, and Kivas Tully, with several other surveyors, civil
engineers, and architects practising in and about Toronto. A royal
charter was granted Nov. 4, 1851, in which the objects of the society
are declared to be "the encouragement and general advancement of the
physical sciences, the arts and the manufactures," etc. Among the early
presidents were Sir W. E. Logan, Sir Henry Lefroy, Sir John Beverley
Robinson, George W. Allan, W. H. Draper, Sir Daniel Wilson, and Sir
Oliver Mowat. The publications of the Institute began with the _Canadian
Journal_, 1852, and have been continued, as _Proceedings, Transactions_,
etc., to the present time. =Bib.=: _The Canadian Journal_, 1852-1878;
_Proceedings_, 1879-1890; _Transactions_, 1890- . A semi-centennial
memorial volume, published 1899, contains _Early Days of the Canadian
Institute_ by Sir Sandford Fleming.

=Canadian Magazines.= Among the earliest magazines published in what is
now Canada