wind, turned my own blood to ice.

Most of our physical sensations are relative, and the mere enumeration
of so many degrees of heat or cold gives no idea of their effect upon
the system. I should have frozen at home in a temperature which I found
very comfortable in Lapland, with my solid diet of meat and butter, and
my garments of reindeer. The following is a correct scale of the
physical effect of cold, calculated for the latitude of 65 deg. to 70 deg.
North:

_15 deg. above zero_--Unpleasantly warm.

_Zero_--Mild and agreeable.

_10 deg. below zero_--Pleasantly fresh and bracing.

_20 deg. below zero_--Sharp, but not severely cold. Keep your fingers and
toes in motion, and rub your nose occasionally.

_30 deg. below zero_--Very cold; take particular care of your nose and
extremities: eat the fattest food, and plenty of it _40 deg.
below_--Intensely cold; keep awake at all hazards, muffle up to the
eyes, and test your circulation frequently, that it may not stop
somewhere before you know it.

_50 deg. below_--A struggle for life.

* We kept a record of the temperature from the time we left
Sundsvall (Dec. 21) until our return to Stockholm. As a matter
of interest, I subjoin it, changing the degrees from Reaumur
to Fahrenheit. We tested the thermometer repeatedly on the way,
and found it very generally reliable, although in extremely
low temperature it showed from one to two degrees more than a
spirit thermometer. The observations were taken at from 9 to
8 A. M., 12 to 2 P. M., and 7 to 11 P. M., whenever it was
possible.

_Morning._ _Noon._ _Evening._
December 21 + 6 .. zero.
" 22 + 6 .. - 3
" 23 -22 -29 -22
" 24 - 6 -22 -22
" 25 -35 -38 mer. frozen.
" 26 -30 -24 -31
" 27 (storm) -18 -18 -18
" 28 (storm) zero. zero. zero.
" 29 - 6 -13 -13
" 30 - 6 -13 -22
" 31 (storm) - 3 + 9 + 9
January 1, 1857 + 3 + 3 + 3
" 2 - 6 - 6 - 6
" 3 -30 -22 -22
" 4 -18