lete the work. Contrary to the expectation of Napoleon III., the
states of the south contributed troops and otherwise co-operated
vigorously with the Prussians throughout the contest, and before its
close they let it be known that they were ready to become full-fledged
members of the Confederation. On the basis of treaty arrangements,
concluded in November, 1870, it was agreed that the North German
Confederation should be replaced by a German Empire, and that for the
title of President, borne by the Prussian sovereign, should be
substituted that of _Deutscher Kaiser_, German Emperor. January 18,
1871, at Versailles, William, king of Prussia and President of the
Confederation, was formally proclaimed German Emperor. The siege of
Paris was at the time still in progress, and the treaty of Frankfort,
by which peace with France was concluded, was not signed until the
following May.[281]

[Footnote 281: For brief accounts of the founding
of the Empire see B. E. Howard, The German Empire
(New York, 1906), Chap. 1; E. Henderson, Short
History of Germany (New York, 1906). Chaps. 8-10;
Cambridge Modern History, XI., Chaps. 15-17, XII.,
Chap. 6; and Lavisse et Rambaud, Histoire Generale,
XI., Chap. 8. A very good book is G. B. Malleson,
The Refounding of the German Empire, 1848-1871 (2d
ed., London, 1904). More extended presentation of
German history in the period 1815-1871 will be
found in A. Stern, Geschichte Europas seit den
Vertraegen von 1815 bis zum Frankfurter Frieden von
1871, 6 vols. (Berlin, 1894-1911), extending at
present to 1848; C. F. H. Bulle, Geschichte der
neuesten Zeit, 4 vols. (Leipzig, 1886-1887),
covering the years 1815-1885; H. G. Treitschke,
Deutsche Geschichte im Neunzehnten Jahrhundert, 5
vols. (Leipzig, 1879-1894), covering the period to
1848; H. von Sybel, Die Begruendung des deutschen
Reiches durch Wilhelm I. (Munich and Leipzig,
1890), and in English translation under title of
The Founding of the German Empire (New York, 1890);
H. von Zwiedeneck-Sudenhorst, Deutsche Geschic