de Rose Femelle oil_, or _Cayenne linaloe oil_, distilled from
wood of trees of the Burseraceae species. Specific gravity at 15 deg. C.,
0.874-0.880; optical rotation, -11 deg. 30' to -16 deg.; refractive index at 20 deg.
C., 1.4608-1.4630; soluble in 1.5 to 2 volumes of 70 per cent. alcohol.

The oil consists almost entirely of linalol, with traces of saponifiable
bodies, but appears to be free from methyl heptenone, found by Barbier
and Bouveault in Mexican linaloe oil. This oil is distinctly finer in
odour than the Mexican product.

_Clove oil_, distilled from the unripe blossoms of Eugenia
caryophyllata, the chief source of which is East Africa (Zanzibar and
Pemba). Specific gravity at 15 deg. C., 1.045-1.061; optical rotation,
slightly laevo-rotatory up to -1 deg. 30'; phenols, estimated by absorption
with 5 per cent. potash solution, 86-92 per cent.; refractive index at
20 deg. C., 1.5300-1.5360; soluble in 1 to 2 volumes of 70 per cent.
alcohol.

The principal constituent of the oil is eugenol, together with
caryophyllene and acet-eugenol. While within certain limits the value of
this oil is determined by its eugenol content, oils containing more than
93 per cent. phenols are usually less satisfactory in odour, the high
proportion of phenols being obtained at the expense of the decomposition
of some of the sesquiterpene. Oils with less than 88 per cent. phenols
will be found somewhat weak in odour. This oil is extensively used in
the cheaper toilet soaps and is an important constituent of carnation
soaps. As already mentioned, however, it causes the soap to darken in
colour somewhat rapidly, and must not therefore be used in any quantity,
except in coloured soaps.

_Concrete orris oil_, a waxy substance obtained by steam distillation of
Florentine orris root.

Melting point, 35-45 deg. C., usually 40-45 deg. C.; free acidity, calculated as
myristic acid, 50-80 per cent.; ester, calculated as combined myristic
acid, 4-10 per cent.

The greater part of the product consists of the inodorous myristic acid,
the chief odour-bearing constituent being irone. The high price of the
oil renders its use only possible in the very best quality soaps.

_Eucalyptus Oil._--Though there are some hundred or more different oils
belonging to this class, only two are of much importance to the
soap-maker. These are:--

(i.) Eucalyptus citriodora. Specific gravity at 15 deg. C., 0.870-0.905;
optical rotation, slightly dextro-ro