again. In
this way the apparatus can be worked continuously, the soap being
received from the cooling pipes on a suitable arrangement for transport
to the press or store room.

A similar idea has been made the subject of a patent by Holoubek (Eng.
Pat. 24,440, 1904, Fig. 20). The soap is run into frames or moulds
having open sides, which are closed by being clamped with screws and
pressure plates between cooling tubes through which water circulates.

[Illustration: FIG. 20.--Holoubek's cooler.]

CHAPTER VII.

TOILET, TEXTILE AND MISCELLANEOUS SOAPS.

_Toilet Soaps--Cold Process Soaps--Settled Boiled
Soaps--Remelted Soaps--Milled Soaps--Drying--Milling and
Incorporating Colour, Perfume, or
Medicament--Perfume--Colouring Matter--Neutralising and
Superfatting
Material--Compressing--Cutting--Stamping--Medicated
Soaps--Ether Soap--Floating Soaps--Shaving Soaps--Textile
Soaps--Soaps for Woollen, Cotton and Silk Industries--Patent
Textile Soaps--Miscellaneous Soaps._

_Toilet Soaps._--By the term "toilet soap" is inferred a soap specially
adapted for toilet use by reason not only of its good detergent and
lathering qualities, but also on account of its freedom from caustic
alkali and any other ingredient likely to cause irritation or injury to
the skin.

Toilet soaps may be simply classified according to their method of
preparation into the following four classes:--

(1) Cold process soaps.
(2) Settled boiled soaps.
(3) Remelted soaps.
(4) Milled soaps.

Soaps of the first class are of comparatively trifling importance,
having been superseded by the other qualities. Details of the "cold
process" have already been given on page 46; it is only necessary to add
the desired perfume and colouring matter to the soap.

The second class consists of good quality settled soaps, direct from the
copper, to which have been added, prior to framing, suitable perfume and
colouring matter, also, if necessary, dealkalising materials.

The third class is represented by soaps made by the old English method
of remelting, which are often termed "perfumers'," or "little pan"
soaps. The soap-base or mixture of various kinds of soap is remelted in
a steam-jacketed pan, or pan provided with steam coils, and agitated.
The agitation must not be too vigorous or lengthy, or the soap will
become aerated. When all the soap is molten, additions of pe