ly laevo-rotatory
up to -4 deg.; refractive index at 20 deg. C., 1.485-1.490; saponification
number, 100-115; soluble in 3 or 4 volumes of 70 per cent. alcohol.

The principal constituents of the oil are a terpene, asarol alcohol,
another alcohol, and methyl eugenol. The oil is too expensive to be used
in other than high-class toilet soaps.

_Cananga_ or _Kananga oil_, the earlier distillate from the flowers of
Cananga odorata, obtained chiefly from the Philippine Islands. Specific
gravity at 15 deg. C., 0.910-0.940; optical rotation, -17 deg. to -30 deg.;
refractive index at 20 deg. C., 1.4994-1.5024; esters, calculated as linalyl
benzoate, 8-15 per cent.; soluble in 1.5 to 2 volumes of 95 per cent.
alcohol, but becoming turbid on further addition.

The oil is qualitatively similar in composition to Ylang-Ylang oil, and
contains linalyl benzoate and acetate, esters of geraniol, cadinene, and
methyl ester of p-cresol.

_Caraway oil_, distilled from the seeds of Carum carui. Specific gravity
at 15 deg. C., 0.907-0.915; optical rotation, +77 deg. to +79 deg.; refractive index
at 20 deg. C., 1.485-1.486; soluble in 3 to 8 volumes of 80 per cent.
alcohol. The oil should contain 50-60 per cent. of carvone, which is
estimated by absorption with a saturated solution of neutral sodium
sulphite. The remainder of the oil consists chiefly of limonene.

_Cassia oil_, distilled from the leaves of Cinnamomum cassia, and
shipped to this country from China in lead receptacles. Specific gravity
at 15 deg. C., 1.060-1.068; optical rotation, slightly dextro-rotatory up to
+3 deg. 30'; refractive index at 20 deg. C., 1.6014-1.6048; soluble in 3 volumes
of 70 per cent. alcohol as a general rule, but occasionally requires 1
to 2 volumes of 80 per cent. alcohol.

The value of the oil depends upon its aldehyde content, the chief
constituent being cinnamic aldehyde. This is determined by absorption
with a hot saturated solution of sodium bisulphite. Three grades are
usually offered, the best containing 80-85 per cent. aldehydes, the
second quality, 75-80 per cent., and the lowest grade, 70-75 per cent.

Other constituents of the oil are cinnamyl acetate and cinnamic acid.
This oil gives the characteristic odour to Brown Windsor soap, and is
useful for sweetening coal-tar medicated soaps.

_Cedarwood oil_, distilled from the wood of Juniperus virginiana.
Specific gravity at 15 deg. C., 0.938-0.960; optical rotation, -35 deg. to -45 deg.;