sian Government against the Jews, and, more
particularly, the outrages which had been perpetrated upon them during
the preceding year. [1] He makes the former directly responsible for the
latter. In his opinion the pogroms were not merely a spontaneous and
sudden outburst of the Eussian populace against the Jews, but rather the
slow result of the disabilities and discriminations which are imposed
upon the Jews by the Russian Government and are bound to degrade them in
the eyes of their fellow-citizens:

[Footnote 3: _Congressional Record_, Vol. 13, part 7, _Appendix,_ p. 651
et seq. The speech is accompanied by an elaborate tabulated statement of
the pogroms and a map of the area in which they had taken place.]

Is it said that the Russian peasantry, and not the Government, are
responsible, I answer: If the peasantry of Russia are too ignorant
or debased to understand the nature of this cruel persecution, they
have warrant for their conduct in the customs and laws of Russia to
which I have referred. These discriminate against the Jews. They
have reference to their isolation, their separation from Russian
protection, their expulsion from certain parts of the Empire, and
their religion. When a peasant observes such forceful movements and
authoritative discriminations in a Government against a race, it
arouses his ignorance, and inflames his fanatical zealotry. Adding
this to the jealousy of the Jews as middlemen and business-men, and
you may account for, but not justify, these horrors. The
Hebraic-Russian question has been summed up in a few words:
"Extermination of two and one-half millions of mankind because they
are--Jews!" [1]

[Footnote 1: loc. _cit_., p. 653.]

After giving an elaborate account of the horrors which had taken place
in Russia during 1881, he wound up his speech with the following
eloquent appeal:

This people is one of the survivors, with Egypt, China and India, of
the infancy of mankind. It is at the mercy of the cruel despot of
the North. With a lineage unrivalled for purity, a religious
sentiment and ethics drawn out of the glory and greatness of Mount
Sinai ... with an eternal influence from its law-givers, prophets,
and psalmists never vouchsafed to any language, race or creed, It
outlives the philosophies and myths of Greece and the grandeur and
power of Rome. It is this race, broken-hearted and scattered, to
which the Czar of all the Russias