to the two Classes whose
Differentiae are "old" and "not-old."]

In performing this Process, we may sometimes find that the Attributes we
have chosen are used so loosely, in ordinary conversation, that it is
not easy to decide _which_ of the Things belong to the one Class and
_which_ to the other. In such a case, it would be necessary to lay down
some arbitrary _rule_, as to _where_ the one Class should end and the
other begin.

[Thus, in dividing "books" into "old" and "not-old," we may say
"Let all books printed before A.D. 1801, be regarded as 'old,'
and all others as 'not-old'."]

Henceforwards let it be understood that, if a Class of Things be divided
into two Classes, whose Differentiae have contrary meanings, each
Differentia is to be regarded as equivalent to the other with the word
"not" prefixed.

[Thus, if "books" be divided into "old" and "new" the Attribute
"old" is to be regarded as equivalent to "not-new," and the
Attribute "new" as equivalent to "not-old."]
pg004
After dividing a Class, by the Process of _Dichotomy_, into two smaller
Classes, we may sub-divide each of these into two still smaller Classes;
and this Process may be repeated over and over again, the number of
Classes being doubled at each repetition.

[For example, we may divide "books" into "old" and "new" (i.e.
"_not_-old"): we may then sub-divide each of these into
"English" and "foreign" (i.e. "_not_-English"), thus getting
_four_ Classes, viz.

(1) old English;
(2) old foreign;
(3) new English;
(4) new foreign.

If we had begun by dividing into "English" and "foreign," and
had then sub-divided into "old" and "new," the four Classes
would have been

(1) English old;
(2) English new;
(3) foreign old;
(4) foreign new.

The Reader will easily see that these are the very same four
Classes which we had before.]

pg004 1/2

CHAPTER IV.

_NAMES._

The word "Thing", which conveys the idea of a Thing, _without_ any idea
of an Adjunct, represents _any_ single Thing. Any other word (or
phrase), which conveys the idea of a Thing, _with_ the idea of an
Adjunct represents _any_ Thing which possesses that Adjunct; i.e., it
represents any Member of the Class to which that