ollows:--

(1) Ascertain what is the _Subject_ (i.e., ascertain what Class we are
_talking about_);

(2) If the verb, governed by the Subject, is _not_ the verb "are" (or
"is"), substitute for it a phrase beginning with "are" (or "is");

(3) Ascertain what is the _Predicate_ (i.e., ascertain what Class it is,
which is asserted to contain _some_, or _none_, or _all_, of the Members
of the Subject);

(4) If the Name of each Term is _completely expressed_ (i.e. if it
contains a Substantive), there is no need to determine the 'Univ.'; but,
if either Name is _incompletely expressed_, and contains _Attributes_
only, it is then necessary to determine a 'Univ.', in order to insert
its Name as the Substantive.

(5) Ascertain the _Sign of Quantity_;

(6) Arrange in the following order:--

Sign of Quantity,
Subject,
Copula,
Predicate.

[Let us work a few Examples, to illustrate these Rules.

(1)

"Some apples are not ripe."

(1) The Subject is "apples."

(2) The Verb is "are."

(3) The Predicate is "not-ripe * * *." (As no Substantive is
expressed, and we have not yet settled what the Univ. is to be,
we are forced to leave a blank.)

(4) Let Univ. be "fruit."

(5) The Sign of Quantity is "some."

(6) The Proposition now becomes

"Some | apples | are | not-ripe fruit."

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(2)

"None of my speculations have brought me as much as 5 per cent."

(1) The Subject is "my speculations."

(2) The Verb is "have brought," for which we substitute the
phrase "are * * * that have brought".

(3) The Predicate is "* * * that have brought &c."

(4) Let Univ. be "transactions."

(5) The Sign of Quantity is "none of."

(6) The Proposition now becomes

"None of | my speculations | are | transactions
that have brought me as much as 5 per cent."

(3)

"None but the brave deserve the fair."

To begin with, we note that the phrase "none but the brave" is
equivalent to "no _not_-brave."

(1) The Subject has for its _Attribute_ "not-brave." But no
_Substantive_ is supplied. So we express the Subject as
"not-brave * * *."

(2) The Verb is "deserve," for which we substitute the phrase
"are deserving of".

(3) The Predicate is "* * * deserving of the fair."

(4) Let Univ. be "p