ugust 1458.

See A. Hauck's _Realencyklopadie_, Band iii. (Leipzig, 1897).

CALIXTUS, GEORG (1586-1656), Lutheran divine, was born at Medelby, a
village of Schleswig, in 1586. After studying philology, philosophy and
theology at Helmstadt, Jena, Giessen, Tubingen and Heidelberg, he
travelled through Holland, France and England, where he became
acquainted with the leading Reformers. On his return in 1614 he was
appointed professor of theology at Helmstadt by the duke of Brunswick,
who had admired the ability he displayed when a young man in a dispute
with the Jesuit Augustine Turrianus. In 1613 he published a book,
_Disputationes de Praecipuis Religionis Christianae Capitibus_, which
provoked the hostile criticism of orthodox scholars; in 1619 he
published his _Epitome theologiae_, and some years later his _Theologia
Moralis_ (1634) and _De Arte Nova Nihusii_. Roman Catholics felt them to
be aimed at their own system, but they gave so great offence to
Lutherans as to induce Statius Buscher to charge the author with a
secret leaning to Romanism. Scarcely had he refuted the accusation of
Buscher, when, on account of his intimacy with the Reformed divines at
the conference of Thorn (1645), and his desire to effect a
reconciliation between them and the Lutherans, a new charge was
preferred against him, principally at the instance of Abraham Calovius
(1612-1686), of a secret attachment to Calvinism. In fact, the great aim
of his life was to reconcile Christendom by removing all unimportant
differences. The disputes to which this attitude gave rise, known in the
Church as the Syncretistic controversy, lasted during the whole lifetime
of Calixtus, and distracted the Lutheran church, till a new controversy
arose with P.J. Spener and the Pietists of Halle. Calixtus died in 1656.

There is a monograph on Calixtus by E.L.T. Henke (2 vols., 1853-1856);
see also Isaak Dorner, _Gesch. d. protest. Theol._ pp. 606-624; and
especially Herzog-Hauck, _Realencyklopadie_.

CALL (from Anglo-Saxon _ceallian_, a common Teutonic word, cf. Dutch
_kallen_, to talk or chatter), to speak in a loud voice, and
particularly to attract some one's attention by a loud utterance. Hence
its use for a visit at a house, where the name of the occupier, to whom
the visit was made, was called aloud, in early times, to indicate the
presence of the visitor. It is thus transferred to a short stay at a
place, but usually with the idea of a spe