ils are found in
California; in South America in Bolivia. In Africa they have been found
in Algeria and Morocco, in Somaliland and Zanzibar, and on the west
coast of Madagascar. In India they are represented by the shales and
limestones of the Chari series of Cutch. Callovian rocks are also
recorded from New Guinea and the Moluccas.

See JURASSIC; also A. de Lapparent, _Traite de geologie_, vol. ii.
(5th ed., 1906), and H.B. Woodward, "The Jurassic Rocks of Britain,"
_Mem. Geol. Survey_, vol. v. (J. A. H.)

CALM, an adjective meaning peaceful, quiet; particularly used of the
weather, free from wind or storm, or of the sea, opposed to rough. The
word appears in French _calme_, through which it came into English, in
Spanish, Portuguese and Italian _calma_. Most authorities follow Diez
(_Etym. Worterbuch der romanischen Sprachen_) in tracing the origin to
the Low Latin _cauma_, an adaptation of Greek [Greek: kauma], burning
heat, [Greek: kaiein], to burn. The Portuguese _calma_ has this meaning
as well as that of quiet. The connexion would be heat of the day, rest
during that period, so quiet, rest, peacefulness. The insertion of the
_l_, which in English pronunciation disappears, is probably due to the
Latin _calor_, heat, with which the word was associated.

CALMET, ANTOINE AUGUSTIN (1672-1757), French Benedictine, was born at
Mesnil-la-Horgne on the 26th of February 1672. At the age of seventeen
he joined the Benedictine order, and in 1698 was appointed to teach
theology and philosophy at the abbey of Moyen-Moutier. He was
successively prior at Lay, abbot at Nancy and of Senones in Lorraine. He
died in Paris on the 25th of October 1757. The erudition of Calmet's
exegetical writings won him a reputation that was not confined to the
Roman Catholic Church, but they have failed to stand the test of modern
scholarship. The most noteworthy are:--_Commentaire de la Bible_ (Paris,
23 vols. 1707-1716), and _Dictionnaire historique, geographique,
critique, chronologique et litteral de la Bible_ (Paris, 2 vols., 1720).
These and numerous other works and editions of the Bible are known only
to students, but as a pioneer in a branch of Biblical study which
received a wide development in the 19th century, Calmet is worthy of
remembrance. As a historical writer he is best known by his _Histoire
ecclesiastique et civile de la Lorraine_ (Nancy, 1728), founded on
original research and various useful works on Lorra