lete the cure of his madness. When Phegeus discovered that they were
really meant for Callirrhoe, he gave orders for Alcmaeon to be waylaid
and killed (Apollodorus iii. 7, 2. 5-7; Thucydides ii. 102). Callirrhoe
now implored the gods that her two young sons might grow to manhood at
once and avenge their father's death. This was granted, and her sons
Amphoterus and Acarnan slew Phegeus with his two sons, and returning
with the necklace and peplus dedicated them at Delphi (Ovid, _Metam._
ix. 413).

CALLISTHENES (_c._ 360-328 B.C.), of Olynthus, Greek historian, a
relative and pupil of Aristotle, through whose recommendation he was
appointed to attend Alexander the Great in his Asiatic expedition. He
censured Alexander's adoption of oriental customs, inveighing especially
against the servile ceremony of adoration. Having thereby greatly
offended the king, he was accused of being privy to a treasonable
conspiracy and thrown into prison, where he died from torture or
disease. His melancholy end was commemorated in a special treatise
([Greek: Kallisthenaes ae peri penthous]) by his friend Theophrastus,
whose acquaintance he made during a visit to Athens. Callisthenes wrote
an account of Alexander's expedition, a history of Greece from the peace
of Antalcidas (387) to the Phocian war (357), a history of the Phocian
war and other works, all of which have perished. The romantic life of
Alexander, the basis of all the Alexander legends of the middle ages,
originated during the time of the Ptolemies, but in its present form
belongs to the 3rd century A.D. Its author is usually known as
pseudo-Callisthenes, although, in the Latin translation by Julius
Valerius Alexander Polemius (beginning of the 4th century) it is
ascribed to a certain Aesopus; Aristotle, Antisthenes, Onesicritus and
Arrian have also been credited with the authorship. There are also
Syrian, Armenian and Slavonic versions, in addition to four Greek
versions (two in prose and two in verse) in the middle ages (see
Krumbacher, _Geschichte der byzantinischen Litteratur_, 1897, p. 849).
Valerius's translation was completely superseded by that of Leo,
arch-priest of Naples in the 10th century, the so-called _Historia de
Preliis_.

See _Scriptores rerum Alexandri Magni_ (by C.W. Muller, in the Didot
edition of Arrian, 1846), containing the genuine fragments and the
text of the pseudo-Callisthenes, with notes and introduction; A.
Westermann, _De Callisthene