lias thus became master of the island
(Demosthenes, _De Pace_, p. 58; _Epistola Philippi_, p. 159; Diod. Sic.
xvi. 74). At the end of his life he appears to have lived at Athens, and
Demosthenes proposed to confer the citizenship upon him (Aeschines,
_Contra Ctesiphontem_, 85, 87).

CALLIAS and HIPPONICUS, two names borne alternately by the heads of a
wealthy and distinguished Athenian family. During the 5th and 4th
centuries B.C. the office of _daduchus_ or torch-bearer at the
Eleusinian mysteries was the hereditary privilege of the family till its
extinction. The following members deserve mention.

1. CALLIAS, the second of the name, fought at the battle of Marathon
(490) in priestly attire. Some time after the death of Cimon, probably
about 445 B.C., he was sent to Susa to conclude with Artaxerxes, king of
Persia, a treaty of peace afterwards misnamed the "peace of Cimon."
Cimon had nothing to do with it, and he was totally opposed to the idea
of peace with Persia (see CIMON). At all events Callias's mission does
not seem to have been successful; he was indicted for high treason on
his return to Athens and sentenced to a fine of fifty talents.

See Herodotus vii. 151; Diod. Sic. xii. 4; Demosthenes, _De Falsa
Legatione_, p. 428; Grote recognizes the treaty as a historical fact,
_History of Greece_, ch. xlv., while Curtius, bk. iii. ch. ii., denies
the conclusion of any formal treaty; see also Ed. Meyer,
_Forschungen_, ii.; J.B. Bury in _Hermathena_, xxiv. (1898).

2. HIPPONICUS, son of the above. Together with Eurymedon he commanded
the Athenian forces in the incursion into Boeotian territory (426 B.C.)
and was slain at the battle of Delium (424). His wife, whom he
divorced, subsequently became the wife of Pericles; one of his
daughters, Hipparete, married Alcibiades; another, the wife of
Theodorus, was the mother of the orator Isocrates.

See Thucydides iii. 91; Diod. Sic. xii. 65; Andocides, _Contra
Alcibiadem_, 13.

3. CALLIAS, son of the above, the black sheep of the family, was
notorious for his profligacy and extravagance, and was ridiculed by the
comic poets as an example of a degenerate Athenian (Aristophanes,
_Frogs_, 429, _Birds_, 283, and schol. Andocides, _De Mysteriis_,
110-131). The scene of Xenophon's _Symposium_ and Plato's _Protagoras_
was laid at his house. He was reduced to a state of absolute poverty
and, according to Aelian (_Var. Hist._ iv. 23), committed suicide, but