than any year since 1896). San Diego has a very good harbour, and
the harbours of San Pedro (Los Angeles) and Eureka are fairly good and
of growing importance. Grains, lumber, fish, fruits and fruit products,
petroleum, vegetables and sugar are the leading items in the commerce of
San Francisco. Other ports are of very secondary importance. Navigation
on the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers was very important in early
days, but is to-day of relatively slight importance in comparison with
railway traffic.

_Population._--The population of California increased in successive
decades from 1850 to 1910 respectively by 310.3, 47.3, 54.3, 40.3, 22.4
and 60.1%. (The percentage of increase in 1900-1910 was exceeded in
Washington, Oklahoma, Idaho, Nevada, North Dakota and Oregon.) In 1910
the total population was 2,377,549, or 15.2 per sq. m. In 1900 there were
116 incorporated towns and cities; and of the total population 43.3%
was urban,--i.e. resident in cities (11 in number) of 8000 or more
inhabitants. These 11 cities were: San Francisco (pop. 342,782), Los
Angeles (102,479), Oakland (66,960), Alameda (16,464), Berkeley
(13,214),--the last three being suburbs of San Francisco, and the last
the seat of the state university,--Sacramento, the state capital
(29,282), San Jose (21,500), San Diego (17,700), Stockton (17,506),
Fresno (12,470), and Pasadena (9117). Eight other cities had populations
of more than 5000--Riverside City (7973), Vallejo (7965), Eureka (7327),
Santa Rosa (6673), Santa Barbara (6587), San Bernardino (6156), Santa
Cruz (5659), and Pomona (5526).

Of the entire population in 1900 persons of foreign birth or parentage
(one or both parents being foreign) constituted 54.2 and those of native
birth were 75.3%. Of the latter six-tenths were born in California. The
foreign element included 45,753 Chinese (a falling off of 25,313 since
1890), and 10,151 Japanese (an increase of 9004 in the same decade).
Twenty-two foreign countries contributed over 1000 residents each, the
leading ones being the United Kingdom (91,638), Germany (72,449), Canada
(29,618; 27,408 being English Canadians), Italy (22,777), Sweden
(14,549), France (12,256), Portugal (12,068), Switzerland (10,974),
Japan, Denmark, and Mexico, in the order named. Persons of negro descent
numbered 11,045. Almost all the Indians of the state are taxed as
citizens. In 1906 of 611,464 members of religious denominations 354,408
were Roman Catholics, 64,528 M