, and
264,890,000 of yellow pine; fir and sugar pines contributing another
104,600,000, and spruce and cedar 17,670,000 ft. In 1900 California
ranked 16th among the states in value of product ($13,764,647, out of a
total of $566,852,984). The total cut was under 1/2 of 1% of the
estimated stand. In Humboldt county, in the redwood belt near Eureka,
are probably the most modern and remarkable lumber mills of the world.
In 1900 it was estimated that lumbermen controlled somewhat less than a
fifth of the timber of the state, and the same part of the redwood.
After 1890 important shipyards were established near San Francisco. The
most important naval station of the United States on the Pacific coast
is at Mare Island at the northern end of San Francisco Bay, and the
private Union Iron Works, on the peninsula near San Francisco, is one of
the largest shipyards of the country. In 1905 more than one-half of the
factory product was the output of four cities: San Francisco
($137,788,233), Los Angeles ($34,814,475), Sacramento ($10,319,416) and
Fresno ($9,849,001); next ranked Oakland, Stockton, and San Jose.

The transportation facilities in California increased rapidly after
1870. The building of the Central Pacific and Union Pacific lines are
among the romances of American railway history. They joined tracks near
Ogden, Utah, in May 1869. The New Orleans line of the Southern Pacific
was opened in January 1883; the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe completed
its line to San Diego in 1885, and to San Francisco Bay in 1900. The San
Pedro, Los Angeles & Salt Lake, with trans-continental connexions at the
eastern terminus, was chartered in 1901 and fully opened in March 1903.
Railway mileage increased 137.3% from 1870 to 1880, and 154.6% from
1880 to 1900. At the close of 1908 the total mileage was 7039.36 m.,
practically all of which is either owned or controlled by the two great
trans-continental systems of the Southern Pacific and the Atchison,
Topeka & Santa Fe. From 1869 to 1875 registered mail exchanges were
opened with China, Japan, Hawaii and Australia. There are now frequent
mail connexions from San Francisco with Hawaii, Australasia, and eastern
Asia, as well as with American ports north and south. The commerce of
San Francisco amounts to some $80,000,000 or $90,000,000 yearly, about
equally divided between imports and exports, until after 1905--in 1907
the imports were valued at $54,207,011, and the exports at $30,378,355
(less