65-90

VII.

Importance of the heart in the Ancient Egyptian
religion. Immortality of the soul according to that
religion. Symbolism of the scarab in their doctrine of
such immortality. No thing in this universe absolutely
destroyed, only changed. The idea of metempsychosis in
Ancient Egypt. Elevated ideas as to the deity. Hymn to
Ammon-Ra cited. Quotations as to Egyptian philosophy,
evolution of the universe and kosmogony. Of Khepra and
of Tum or Atmu. Egyptian psychology and its divisions 91-122

VIII.

Forgery of scarabs in modern times. Difficulty of
detecting such. Other Egyptian antiquities also
counterfeited by the present inhabitants of Egypt 123-127

IX.

Phoenician scarabs. Manufactured mostly as article of
trade. Used inscribed scarabs as seals in commercial
and other transactions. Many scarabs found in Sardinia 128-133

X.

Etruscan scarabs. Origin of and where found. Copied
from Egyptian but with changes in subjects, size and
ornamentation. The engraving of. Where usually found.
Uses by the Etruscans. Greek and Roman scarabs.
Gnostic, of the Basilidians 134-143

APPENDIX A 145-154

INDEX 155-177

ON SCARABS.

FORMS OF THE WORD SCARABAEUS. VENERATION OF THE ANCIENT EGYPTIANS
FOR THE SCARABAEUS. ENTOMOLOGY OF THE INSECT. SYMBOLISM OF
ACCORDING TO PLUTARCH, PLINY AND HORAPOLLO. ITS ASTRONOMICAL
VALUE. WORSHIP OF INSECTS BY OTHER PEOPLES. SYMBOLISM, WITH THE
EGYPTIANS, OF THE SCARABAEUS. USES OF IT WITH THEM.

Among the many animals, insects and creatures, held in veneration as
symbols by the Ancient Egyptians; the one universally in use as a
symbol from a most remote period, were insects of the family of the
scarabaeidae.

The Greek name of the models of these was _Skarabaios_, _Skarabos_,
_Karabos_, _Karabis_; the Sanskrit, _Carabha_, which like the Latin
_Locusta_, designated both the lobster and the grasshopper. The Latin
name derived from the Greek, was, _Scarabaeus_, the French, _Scarabee_.
To the people of our day, the high position enjoyed in the religion of
Ancient Egypt by this insect, appears very strange, for to us, there
is nothing attractive about it. With that people however it held, for
some fifty centuries; the position in their religion which the Latin
cross now holds with us