e Egyptian psychology be
comprehended; in order to enable the reader to do this, I have
prepared the following condensed statement of the same.

I. The Body was called _Khat_. This was embalmed and then placed
in the tomb.

II. The Soul was called, _Ba_ or _Bai_, plur. _Baiu_. This was
the part of the spiritual which was thought to contain the
elements necessary for the world-life of a man, such as
judgment, conscience, etc. It seems to be the same termed
_psuke_ or _psyche_ by the Greeks. This _Ba_ performed the
pilgrimage in the underworld, and was judged for the conduct of
the man it inhabited in this world, by Osiris and the Forty-two
judges. It was usually represented as a bird, especially as a
human-headed sparrow-hawk. It fluttered to and fro between this
world and the next, sometimes visiting the mummy in its tomb. It
was sometimes represented as a crane, at others as a lapwing. It
is paralleled by the _Rua'h_ of the Hebrew Qabbalah.

III. The Intellectual part of man's spirit was called, _Xu_ or
_Khu_. It was considered as part of the flame detached from the
upper divine fire. Freed from mortality it wandered through
space and had the power of keeping company with or haunting
humanity, and even of entering into and taking possession of the
body of a living man. The Egyptians spoke of being possessed
with a _khu_ as we would say of a being possessed by a
spirit.[106] It was considered as a luminous spirit. It was the
Intelligence and answers to the _Nous_ of the Greeks and the
_Neshamah_ of the Hebrew Qabbalah.

IV. The Shadow or Shade was called, _Khaibit_. This created the
Individuality, and was an important part of the personality.
There was a valley in which the Shades were, in the Underworld.
It was restored to the soul in the second life. They are
frequently mentioned in the _Per-em-hru_. His shadow, would
early attract the attention of the primitive man.

V. The Name was called, _Ren_. This was the Personality, that
something, which continued to know itself as a distinct
individual, through every change of the atoms and appearances of
the body. In the _Per-em-hru_ was written: "The Osiris (then the
name of the dead was inserted.)" It was restored eternally to
the soul in the second life. The _Ba_ retained the _Ren_ in its
journey through the Underworld.